0mitl)0onian  Ucport 


ON  Tin: 


CONSTRUCTION 


CATALOGUES  OF  LIBRARIES, 


AND    THEIR 


PUBLICATION  BY  MEANS  OF  SEPARATE,  STEREOTYPED  TITLES. 
WITH   RULES   AND   EXAMPLES. 


BY  CHARLES   C.   JEWETT, 

LIBRARIAN    OF   THE    SMITHSONIAN    INSTITUTION. 


SECOND   EDITION. 


WASHINGTON: 

PUBLISHED    BY   THE    SMITHSONIAN    INSTITUTION. 
1853. 


/  B 


9TEJIBOS:Y$ED  AND  PRINTED  AT  THE 
SMITnVoNIAN   INSTITUTION. 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

PREFACE,            ....  v 

REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONERS,     .....  ix 

SMITHSONIAN  CATALOGUE  SYSTEM. 

Difficulties  in  publishing  catalogues,  ....        3 

Plan  for  obviating  these  difficulties,          ....  5 

Application  of  the  plan  for  the  formation  of  a  general  catalogue,  .        5 

Advantages  to  be  derived  from  the  proposed  system,       .             .  6 

Distinction  between  a  catalogue  and  a  bibliographical  dictionary,  .      10 

The  same  titles  to  serve  for  general  and  particular  catalogues,    .  11 

Form  of  the  catalogue,            .             .            .            .             .  .13 

Necessity  of  rules  for  the  preparation  of  catalogues,        .            .  17 

Duties  of  collaborators  and  superintendent,    .             .             .  .19 

Printing  and  Stereotyping,            .....  23 

Preservation  and  use  of  the  plates,    .            .            .            .  -24 

Construction  of  new  catalogues,    .....  25 

RULES. 

TITLES. 

I.  To  be  transcribed  IN  FULL,     .            .            .            .  .29 

II.  To  be  transcribed  WITH  EXACTNESS,        ...  31 

III.  To  be  repeated  for  every  edition,      .            .            .  .34 

IV.  Books  without  title-pages,                       ...  35 
V.  Academical  dissertations,      .            .            .            .  .36 

VI.  Sermons,             .            .            .            .            .            .  36 

VII.  Periodical  publications,         .  t           .             .             .  .36 

VIII.  Number  of  volumes,  how  to  be  specified,            .  37 

IX.  Imprint,         .             .             .             .             .             .  .38 

X.  Designation  of  size,         .....  39 

XI.  Number  of  pages,      .            .            .            .            .  .43 

XII.  Additions  to  titles,  44 


IV  CONTENTS. 

HEADINGS. 

XIII.  To  be,  generally,  the  name  of  author,    ...  45 

XIV.  Names  variously  spelled,       ...  .46 
XV.  Prefixes  to  names,            .             .             .             .  46 

XVI.  Compound  surnames,             .             .             .             .  .48 

XVII.  Names  changed,               .             .             .             .             .  48 

XVIII.  Cases  in  which  the  first  name  is  to  be  used,             .  .      49 

XIX.  Surnames  of  noblemen,  &c.,        ....  50 

XX.  Joint  productions  of  several  authors,             .             .  .50 

XXI.  Works  of  several  authors  in  one  series,     ...  50 

XXII.  Works  issued  by  collective  bodies,    .             .             .  .52 

XXIII.  Translations,        ......  53 

XXIV.  Commentaries,           .            .             .             .             .  .53 

XXV.  The  Bible,           ......  54 

XXVI.  Reports  of  Trials,      .             .             .            .             .  .54 

XXVII.  Theses,    ...  .54 

XXVIII.  Pseudonymous  publications,              .             .             .  .54 

XXIX.  Anonymous  publications,             ....  55 

CROSS-REFERENCES. 

XXX.  From  one  heading  to  another,            .             .             .  .57 

XXXI.  From  headings  to  titles,               ....  58 

ARRANGEMENT. 

XXXII.  Order  of  headings,     .                         .            .            .  .59 

XXXIII.  Order  of  titles,     ......  59 

XXXIV.  Order  of  titles  under  name  of  author,           .            .  .60 

1.  Collection  of  all  the  works,     .             .             .        , .  .  •;  60 

a.  Without  translations,    .             .             .             .  .      60 

b.  With  one,  or  several  translations,     ...  60 

c.  Translations  without  the  text,             .             .  .60 

2.  Partial  collections,      .            ,             .             .             .  60 

3.  Selections,  or  collected  fragments,             .             .  .60 

4.  Separate  works,           .             .             .             .             .  61 

5.  Entire  portions  of  a  separate  work,           .             .  .61 
XXXV.  Order  of  titles  under  names  of  collective  bodies,             .  61 

XXXVI.  Cross-references,        .            .             .             .             .  .61 

XXXVII.  Special  rule  for  entries  under  "Bible,"    ...  61 

XXXVIII.  Maps,  Engravings,  Music,     .             .             .             .  .62 

XXXIX.  Exceptional  cases,            ,  64 

EXAMPLES. 


PREFACE. 


This  work  is  intended  to  explain  the  plan  in  opera 
tion  at  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  for  preparing  and 
stereotyping  catalogues;  to  furnish  means  of  judging 
of  its  practicability  and  importance;  and  to  serve  as  a 
a  manual  for  librarians  in  its  execution.  The  first 
edition  was  printed  in  1852.  It  was,  however,  limited 
to  a  small  number  of  copies,  for  distribution  principally 
among  those  who  would  be  likely  to  suggest  improve 
ments.  The  work  has,  since,  been  carefully  revised, 
and  is  now  published  for  more  general  circulation. 

It  was  a  long  and  difficult  task  to  develop  and  adjust 
the  details  of  this  system,  and  to  make  the  mechanical 
arrangements  for  its  successful  prosecution.  The  diffi 
culties,  both  theoretical  and  practical,  have  been  over 
come.  The  actual  operation  of  the  plan  has  shown 
its  entire  practicability,  and  warrants  the  hope  that 
its  best  promises  will  be  realized. 

This  book  has  been  stereotyped  by  a  process  entirely 
new,,  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  stereotyping  of  separate 
titles,  or  even  single  lines.  It  has  been  fully  reduced 
to  practice  for  this  special  purpose,  and  will  doubtless 
be  found,  in  many  other  respects,  a  valuable  addition 
to  the  resources  of  the  art  of  typography. 


PREFACE. 


The  expense  of  developing  the  plan  has  been  borne 
by  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  We  have  every  reason 
to  hope  that  it  will  promote  "  the  increase  and  diffu 
sion  of  knowledge  among  men/'  and  justify  the  con 
tinual  labor  of  superintendence.  In  anticipation,  the 
task  proposed  seems  formidable;  but  it  is  to  be  accom 
plished,  title  by  title,  on  a  system,  which  imposes  no 
heavy  burden  upon  any  institution,  though  it  offers 
benefits  to  all. 

It  is  not  to  be  supposed  that  the  public  will  take 
much  interest  in  a  work  of  professional  details  like 
this.  The  subject  more  particularly  addresses  itself  to 
those  who  are  conversant  with  the  management  of 
libraries.  Their  instruction  and  experience  will  en 
able  them  to  estimate  aright  the  difficulty  of  the 
undertaking  here  set  forth,  and  to  judge,  with  fairness, 
of  its  practical  utility. 


REPORT, 


COPY  OF  A  LETTER 

Addressed  severally  to  the  Hon.  EDWARD  EVERETT,  of  Cambridge; 
CHARLES  FOLSOM,  esq.,  Librarian  of  the  Boston  Athenaeum; 
JOSEPH  Gr.  COGSWELL,  esq.,  Superintendent  of  the  Astor 
Library,  New  York;  GEORGE  LIVERMORE,  esq.,  of  Boston; 
SAMUEL  F.  HAVEN,  esq.,  Librarian  of  the  American  Antiquarian 
Society,  and  the  Rev.  EDWARD  E.  HALE,  of  Worcester. 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION, 

August  16,  1850. 

DEAR  SIR:  The  Smithsonian  Institution,  desirous  of  facilitating  research 
in  literature  and  science,  and  of  thus  aiding  in  the  increase  and  diffusion  of 
knowledge,  has  resolved  to  form  a  general  catalogue  of  the  various  libraries 
in  the  United  States,  and  I  submit  to  you  for  examination  the  plans  proposed 
by  Professor  Jewett,  librarian  of  the  Institution,  for  accomplishing  this  object. 
1st.  A  plan  for  stereotyping  catalogues  of  libraries  by  separate  titles,  in  a 
uniform  style. 

2d.  A  set  of  general  rules,  to  be  recommended  for  adoption  by  the  different 
libraries  of  the  United  States,  in  the  preparation  of  their  catalogues. 

Professor  Jewett  will  present  to  you  his  plans  in  person,  and  I  beg  leave,  in 
behalf  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Institution,  to  request  that  you  will 
give  this  subject  that  attention  which  its  importance  demands,  and  report : 
First.  On  the  practicability  of  the  plan  presented. 
Second.  On  the  propriety  of  adopting  the  rules  proposed. 
You  will  also  confer  a  favor  on  the  Institution,  by  giving  any  suggestions 
with  regard  to  the  general  proposition  of  forming  a  catalogue  of  all  the  libra 
ries  in  this  country. 

I  remain  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

JOSEPH  HENRY, 
Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 


REPOKT 

Of  the  Commissioners  appointed  to  examine  the  plan 
for  forming  a  general  stereotype  catalogue  of  public 
libraries  in  the  United  States. 


THE  undersigned  -were  Yequested,  in  the  month  of  August  last,  by  a  letter 
from  Professor  Henry,  written  on  behalf  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  to  take  into  consideration  the  subject  of  a  General 
Catalogue  of  the  public  libraries  of  the  United  States,  proposed  to  be  formed 
under  the  auspices  of  the  said  Institution,  and  more  especially  the  plan  pro 
posed  by  Professor  Jewett,  Librarian  of  the  Institution,  for  accomplishing 
that  object. 

Having  consented  to  act  as  Commissioners  for  the  above  named  purpose, 
the  subscribers  had  several  interviews  with  Professor  Jewett,  in  the  months 
of  September  and  October,  a't  which  he  submitted  to  them,  1.  A  plan  for 
stereotyping  catalogues  of  libraries  by  separate,  movable  titles  of  the  books 
contained  in  them,  and,  2.  A  set  of  general  rules,  to  be  recommended  for 
adoption  by  the  different  public  libraries  in  the  United  States,  in  the  prepara 
tion  of  their  catalogues. 

Professor  Jewett' s  plan  for  stereotyping  tiUes  on  separate  plates  is  unfolded 
at  considerable  length,  in  a  paper  read  by  him,  in  the  month  of  August  last, 
at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science,  held  at  New  Haven. 

For  a  full  view  of  the  advantages,  both  economical  and  literary,  anticipated 
from  the  adoption  of  Professor  Jewett' s  plan,  the  undersigned  would  refer  to 
the  valuable  and  interesting  paper  just  named.  They  will  allude  briefly  to  a 
portion  of  these  advantages. 

The  most  important  of  them,  perhaps,  will  be  the  economy  of  time,  labor, 
and  expense,  required  for  the  preparation  of  a  new  edition  of  a  catalogue,  to 
include  the  books  added  since  a  former  edition  was  published.  On  Professor 
Jewett' s  plan,  when  the  catalogue  of  a  library  is  published,  it  will  be  neces 
sary  to  strike  off  only  so  many  copies  as  are  needed  for  present  use.  When 
the  additions  to  the  library  have  become  so  considerable  as  to  make  another 
2 


X  REPORT. 

edition  of  the  catalogue  desirable,  or  in  lieu  thereof,  a  supplementary  cata 
logue,  (always  an  unsatisfactory  and  embarrassing  appendage,)  the  new  titles 
only  will  be  stereotyped  and  inserted  in  their  proper  places  among  the  former 
titles,  all  the  titles  being  on  movable  plates.  The  pages  of  the  new  edition 
will  thus  be  made  up  with  convenience,  and  every  book  in  the  library  will 
stand  in  its  proper  place  in  the  catalogue.  This  process  will  be  repeated  as 
often  as  the  growth  of  the  library  may  make  it  necessary. 

In  this  way,  not  only  will  the  plates,  used  in  a  former  edition,  be  available 
for  each  subsequent  edition,  but  when  the  plan  is  fairly  and  extensively  in 
operation,  most  of  the  titles  of  books  added  to  any  given  library,  of  whose 
catalogue  a  new  edition  is  required,  will,  in  the  meantime,  have  been  cast  for 
some  other  catalogue,  and  thus  occasion  no  new  charge  for  any  subsequent 
use,  as  far  as  the  expense  of  casting  the  plates  is  concerned.  The  infant 
state  and  the  prospective  rapid  increase  of  the  public  libraries  in  the  United 
States,  as  well  as  the  frequent  founding  of  new  libraries,  give  great  interest 
to  this  feature  of  the  plan. 

Another  advantage  of  the  proposed  plan  would  be  of  the  following  nature : 
The  libraries  in  any  country,  (to  some  extent,  indeed,  in  all  countries,)  consist 
partly  of  the  same  books.  Professor  Jewett  states  that,  in  the  catalogues 
of  public  libraries  of  the  United  States,  possessed  by  the  Smithsonian  In 
stitution,  there  are  embraced  at  least  four  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  titles. 
He  estimates,  however,  after  a  laborious  comparison,  that  among  these  there 
will  not  be  found  more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  different  titles. 
It  follows,  that  if  the  plan  proposed  had  been  applied  to  the  publication  of 
these  catalogues,  two-thirds  of  the  expense  of  printing  them,  as  far  as  the 
cost  of  plates  is  concerned,  would  have  been  saved,  by  incurring  the  extra 
expense  of  stereotyping  the  remaining  third  according  to  this  plan.  The 
economy  to  each  particular  library,  in  the  expense  of  plates  for  its  catalogue, 
will  be  in  proportion  to  the  nunroer  of  books,  which  it  may  contain  in  common 
with  any  other  library,  whose  catalogue  has  been  already  stereotyped  on  this 
plan.  The  title  of  the  same  book,  in  the  same  edition,  will,  of  course,  be  cast 
but  once,  and  will  thenceforward  serve  for  the  catalogue  of  every  library  pos 
sessing  that  book,  which  may  enter  into  the  arrangement. 

A  third  advantage  resulting  from  this  plan  will  be  the  facility,  with  which 
a  classed  catalogue,  either  of  a  whole  library  or  of  any  department  of  it,  might 
be  furnished  at  short  notice,  without  the  expense  of  writing  out  the  titles,  or 
of  casting  new  plates,  but  by  the  simple  indication  of  the  selected  titles,  in 
the  margin  of  a  printed  alphabetical  catalogue. 

Finally,  the  plan  of  necessity  requires  that  the  titles  of  the  books  in  the 
libraries,  included  in  the  arrangement,  should  be  given  on  uniform  principles, 
and  according  to  fixed  rules ;  an  object  of  no  small  importance  to  those  who 
consult  them. 


REPORT.  XI 

These  and  other  incidental  advantages,  which  would  result  from  the  adop 
tion  of  his  plan  of  separate  stereotype  plates,  for  the  titles  of  books  in  public 
libraries,  are  pointed  out  by  Professor  Jewett  in  the  memoir  above  referred 
to,  and  the  undersigned  are  of  opinion  that  he  has  not  overrated  their  im 
portance.  In  proportion  as  the  plan  is  concurred  in  by  the  public  institutions 
and  individuals  possessing  valuable  collections  of  books,  the  preparation  of  a 
general  catalogue  of  all  the  libraries  in  the  country  becomes  practicable,  ac 
companied  by  references  from  which  it  would  appear  in  what  library  or  libra 
ries  any  particular  book  is  contained. 

The  undersigned  became  satisfied,  in  the  course  of  their  conferences  with 
Professor  Jewett,  that  the  plan  in  all  its  parts  is  practicable.  In  connection 
with  the  explanation  of  its  mechanical  execution,  specimens  of  stereotype 
plates  of  separate  titles,  made  up  into  pages,  were  submitted  to  them,  in 
common  type  metal,  in  electrotype,  and  in  a  newly-invented  composition,  the 
use  of  which,  it  is  thought  by  its  inventor,  would  be  attended  with  great 
economy  in  the  cost  of  plates.  The  undersigned  examined  these  specimens 
with  much  gratification  and  interest,  but  they  did  not  feel  themselves  com 
petent,  from  their  limited  opportunities  of  inquiry,  nor  did  they  regard  it  as 
•falling  within  their  province,  to  form  an  opinion  on  the  comparative  merits  of 
these  processes.  They  feel  satisfied  that  no  important  mechanical  difficulty 
is  to  be  apprehended  in  carrying  the  plan  into  full  effect. 

A  majority  of  the  undersigned  devoted  themselves  for  several  successive 
meetings  to  the  careful  consideration  of  the  set  of  rules,  submitted  to  them  by 
Professor  Jewett,  for  the  uniform  preparation  of  the  titles  of  books.  This  is 
a  subject  which  has  of  late  received  much  attention  from  bibliographers,  and 
is  of  great  importance  in  the  formation  of  the  catalogues  of  public  libraries. 
Professor  Jewett's  rules  combine  the  results  of  the  experience  of  those  who 
have  given  their  attention  to  the  subject  in  the  principal  libraries  of  Europe, 
especially  of  the  British  Museum,  together  with  the  fruits  of  his  own  expe 
rience  and  study.  These  rules  appear  to  the  undersigned  to  be  drawn  up 
with  judgment  and  care.  A  few  amendments  were  recommended  by  the 
undersigned,  and  a  few  additions  proposed,  but  they  are  prepared  to  signify 
their  approval  of  the  system  substantially  as  submitted  to  them. 

In  order  that  a  beginning  may  be  made  in  the  execution  of  the  plan,  under 
circumstances  highly  favorable  to  its  success,  the  undersigned  take  the  liberty 
of  suggesting,  that  it  would  be  advisable  for  the  Regents  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution  to  obtain  the  requisite  authority,  to  prepare  a  catalogue  of  the 
library  of  Congress  on  the  above-described  plan.  A  catalogue  of  this  library 
is  now  very  much  wanted.  Originally  constructed  on  a  defective  plan,  and 
continued  by  the  publication  of  a  large  number  of  supplements,  it  is  now 
^almost  useless ;  and  as  the  library  increases,  it  becomes  daily  more  so.  The 
preparation  of  an  alphabetical  catalogue  has  in  this  way  become  a  matter  of 


xii  REPORT. 

absolute  necessity  for  the  library  itself;  while  it  affords  the  best  opportunity 
for  commencing  an  arrangement,  by  which  the  various  libraries  of  the  country 
will  be  brought  into  a  mutually  beneficial  connexion  with  each  other,  on  the 
plan  proposed  by  Professor  Jewett. 

The  undersigned  consider  the  permanent  superintendence  of  this  plan  to  be 
an  object  entirely  within  the  province  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  They 
are  satisfied  that  it  will  tend  both  to  the  increase  and  diffusion  of  knowledge, 
and  they  therefore  hope,  that  the  sanction  of  the  Kegents  and  of  Congress 
will  be  given  to  the  undertaking. 

(Signed,) 

EDWARD  EVERETT, 
JOSEPH  G.  COGSWELL, 
CHARLES  FOLSOM, 
SAMUEL  F.  HAVEN, 
EDWARD  E.  HALE, 
GEORGE  JLIVERMORE. 
BOSTON,  26th  October,  1850. 


SYSTEM, 


SMITHSONIAN  CATALOGUE  SYSTEM. 


DIFFICULTIES  IN  PUBLISHING  CATALOGUES. 

Few  persons,  except  librarians,  are  aware  of  the  nature  and 
'  extent  of  the  difficulties,  which  have  been  encountered,  in  attempt 
ing  to  furnish  suitable  printed  catalogues  of  growing  libraries; 
difficulties  apparently  insurmountable,  and  menacing  a  common 
abandonment  of  the  hope  of  affording  guides,  so  important,  to  the 
literary  accumulations  of  the  larger  libraries  of  Europe. 

It  is,  of  course,  entirely  practicable  to  publish  a  complete  and 
satisfactory  catalogue  of  a  library  which  is  stationary.  But  most 
public  libraries  are  constantly  and  rapidly  increasing.  This  circum 
stance,  so  gratifying  on  every  other  account,  is  the  source  of  the 
difficulties  alluded  to. 

While  the  catalogue  of  such  a  library  is  passing  through  the 
press,  new  books  are  received,  the  titles  of  which  it  is  impossible,  in 
the  ordinary  manner  of  printing,  to  incorporate  with  the  body  of 
the  work.  Recourse  must  then  be  had  to  a  supplement.  In  no 
other  way  can  the  acquisitions  of  the  library  be  made  known  to  the 
the  public.  If  the  number  of  supplements  be  multiplied,  as  they 
have  been  in  the  library  of  Congress,  the  student  may  be  obliged 
to  grope  his  weary  way  through  ten  catalogues,  instead  of  one,  in 
order  to  ascertain  whether  the  book  which  he  seeks  be  in  the 
library.  He  cannot  be  certain,  even  then,  that  the  book  is  not  in 
the  collection,  for  it  may  have  been  received,  since  the  last  appendix 
was  printed.  Supplements  soon  become  intolerable.  The  whole 
catalogue  must  then  be  re-arranged  and  re-printed.  The  expense  of 
this  process  may  be  borne,  so  long  as  the  library  is  small,  but  it 
soon  becomes  burdensome,  and,  ere  long,  insupportable,  even  to 
national  establishments. 


4  DIFFICULTIES  IN  PUBLISHING  CATALOGUES. 

'*  TheYe  is-'but-  one  course  left — not  to  print  at  all.  To  this  no 
gtfcoiaf *  fco*ns&it6,  except  from  necessity.  But  to  this  alternative, 
'grievous'ayit'is,  nearly  all  the  large  libraries  of  Europe  have  been 
reluctantly  driven. 

More  than  a  century  has  passed,  since  the  printing  of  the  cata 
logue  of  the  Royal  Library  at  Paris  was  commenced.  It  is  not 
yet  finished.  No  one  feels  in  it  the  interest  which  he  would,  if  he 
could  hope  to  have  its  completeness  sustained,  when  once  brought 
up  to  a  given  date. 

Dr.  Pertz,  chief  librarian  of  the  Royal  Library  at  Berlin,  declares, 
that  to  print  the  catalogue  of  a  large  library,  which  is  constantly 
increasing,  is  to  throw  away  money.  His  opinion  is  founded  upon 
the  supposed  impossibility  of  keeping  up  the  catalogue,  so  as  con 
tinually  to  represent"  the  actual  possessions  of  the  library. 

The  commissioners,  lately  appointed  by  the  Queen  of  England, 
to  inquire  into  the  constitution  and  management  of  the  British 
Museum,  have,  in  their  report,  expressed  an  opinion  decidedly 
against  the  printing  of  the  catalogue  at  all,  and  principally  on  the 
ground  that  it  must  ever  remain  imperfect. 

One  of  the  witnesses,  (the  Right  Honorable  J.  W.  Croker,) 
examined  before  the  commissioners,  thus  strongly  states  the  case 
with  respect  to  printing : 

"  You  receive,  I  suppose,  into  your  library  every  year  some  twenty 
thousand  volumes,  or  something  like  that.  Why,  if  you  had  a  printed 
catalogue  dropped  down  from  Heaven  to  you  at  this  moment  perfect,  this 
day  twelve-month  your  twenty  thousand  interlineations  would  spoil  the 
simplicity  of  that  catalogue ;  again  the  next  year  twenty  thousand  more ; 
and  the  next  year  twenty  thousand  more;  so  that  at  the  end  of  four  or 
five  years,  you  would  have  your  catalogue  just  in  the  condition  that  your 
new  catalogue  is  now  [the  manuscript  part  greater  than  the  printed  part]. 
With  that  new  catalogue  before  your  eyes,  I  am  astonished  that  there 
should  be  any  discussion  about  it,  for  there  is  the  experiment ;  the  experi 
ment  has  been  made  and  failed." 

Not  one  European  library,  of  the  first  class,  has  a  complete 
printed  catalogue,  in  a  single  work.  The  Bodleian  Library  is  not 
an  exception.  It  may  be  necessary  to  search  six  distinct  cata 
logues,  in  order  to  ascertain  whether  any  specified  book  were  or 
were  not  in  that  collection,  at  the  close  of  the  year  1847. 


STEREOTYPING    BY  TITLES  —  GENERAL   CATALOGUE.  5 

This  is,  surely,  a  disheartening  state  of  things.  It  has  l>een  felt 
and  lamented  by  every  one  who  has  had  the  care  of  an  increasing 
library. 

PLAN   FOR   OBVIATING  THESE   DIFFICULTIES. 

As  a  remedy  for  this  evil,  it  is  proposed  to  STEREOTYPE  THE 
TITLES  SEPARATELY,  and  to  preserve  the  plates  or  blocks,  in  alpha 
betical  order  of  the  titles,  so  as  to  be  able  readily  to  insert  addi 
tional  titles,  in  their  proper  places,  and  then  to  reprint  the  whole 
catalogue.  By  these  means,  the  chief  cost  of  re-publication  (that 
of  composition)  together  with  the  trouble  of  revision  and  correction 
of  the  press,  would,  except  for  new  titles,  be  avoided.  Some  of  the 
great  difficulties,  which  have  so  long  oppressed  and  discouraged 
librarians,  and  involved  libraries  in  enormous  expenses,  may  be 
thus  overcome. 

APPLICATION    OF    THE    PLAN    TO    THE    FORMATION    OF    A    GENERAL 

CATALOGUE. 

The  peculiar  position  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  suggested 
the  application  of  this  plan,  on  a  wider  scale,  and  for  a  more  impor 
tant  purpose,  than  that  of  merely  facilitating  the  publication  of  new 
and  complete  editions  of  separate  catalogues. 

It  had  been  proposed  to  form  a  general  catalogue  of  all  the  books 
in  the  country,  with  references  to  the  libraries  where  each  might  be 
found.  The  plan  of  stereotyping  titles,  separately,  suggested  the 
following  system  for  the  accomplishment  of  this  important  purpose : 

1.  The  Smithsonian  Institution  to  publish  Rules  for  the  prepara 
tion  of  Catalogues. 

2.  Other  institutions,    intending  to  publish  catalogues  of  their 
books,   to  be  requested  to  prepare  them  in  accordance  with  these 
rules,  with  a  view  to  their  being  stereotyped  under  the  direction  of 
the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

3.  The  Smithsonian  Institution  to  pay  the  whole  extra  expense  of 
stereotyping,  or  such  part  thereof  as  may  be  agreed  on. 

4.  The  stereotyped  titles  to  remain  the  property  of  the  Smith 
sonian  Institution. 

3 


6  ADVANTAGES   OF  THIS    SYSTEM. 

5.  Every  library,  acceding  to  this   plan,    to   have   the   right   of 
using  all  the  titles  in  the  possession  of  the  Institution,  as  often  as 
desired,  for  the  printing  of  its  own  catalogue,  by  the  Smithsonian 
Institution;  paying  only  the  expense  of  making  up  the  pages,  of 
press-work,  and  of  distributing  the  titles  to  J-heir  proper  places. 

6.  The  Smithsonian  Institution  to  publish,  as  soon  as  possible, 
and  at  stated  intervals,  a  General  Catalogue  of  all  Libraries  corning 
into  this  system. 

ADVANTAGES   TO   BE    DERIVED    FROM    THIS    SYSTEM    OF    PREPARING 
CATALOGUES. 

The  plan  of  stereotyping  the  titles,  separately,  would  be  of  great 
value  to  every  increasing  library,  independent  of  any  general  sys 
tem.  Such  a  library,  in  the  first  issue  of  its  catalogue,  would  be 
obliged  to  incur  an  additional  expense  for  stereotyping,  which  we 
may,  for  the  present,  state  at  fifty  per  centum  above  the  price  for 
composition.  But,  in  the  first  reprint,  both  these  expenses  would 
be  saved ;  so  that  the  whole  cost  of  the,  two  editions  would,  in  this 
respect,  be  twenty-five  per  cent,  less,  if  stereotyped. 

Moreover,  it  would  be  necessary  to  print  only  a  comparatively 
small  number  of  copies,  when  the  book,  in  a  more  perfect  state, 
could  be  reproduced  so  easily;  much  would  therefore  be  saved  in 
paper  and  press-work.  Besides,  the  arrangement  of  the  titles,  for 
a  reprint,  would  pass  from  the  hands  of  the  librarian  to  those  of  the 
printer.  The  proof-reading,  also,  would  have  been  done,  once  for 
all.  In  keeping  up  such  a  catalogue,  the  attention  and  labor  of  the 
librarian  would  have  to  be  bestowed  only  upon  additional  titles. 

Reckoning,  thus,  the  expense  of  stereotyping  as  a  part  of  the 
diminished  cost  of  the  first  reprint,  the  saving,  for  every  subse 
quent  repetition,  would  be  equal  to  the  whole  original  cost  of 
composition  and  proof-reading,  for  the  part  already  stereotyped, 
and  a  considerable  part  of  that  of  paper,  press-work,  and  re 
arrangement.  It  is,  therefore,  demonstrable  that  the  economy  of 
the  plan  would  be  very  great,  to  every  library  publishing  and  re 
printing  its  catalogues,  even  without  connection  with  the  system 
proposed. 


ADVANTAGES   OF   THIS    SYSTEM.  7 

But,  in  connection  with  a  general  system,  the  advantages  of  this 
plan  would  be  greatly  increased,  inasmuch  as  the  same  books  are  to 
be  found  in  many  libraries.  If  the  titles,  which  have  been  stereo 
typed  for  one  library,  may  be  used  for  another  having  the  same 
books,  the  saving  to  the  second  would  be  equal  to  the  whole  cost  of 
composition  and  stereotyping  of  the  titles  common  to  the  two,  added 
to  that  of  preparation  of  such  titles. 

At  least  one  quarter  of  the  titles  in  any  two  general  libraries,  of 
ten  thousand  volumes  and  upwards,  may  safely  be  supposed  to  be 
the  same.  The  saving,  from  this  source,  to  the  second  library, 
would,  therefore,  go  far  towards  defraying  the  extra  expense  of 
stereotyping.  A  third  institution,  adopting  the  plan,  would  be 
likely  to  find  a  very  large  proportion  of  its  titles  identical  with 
those  already  stereotyped,  and  the  amount  saved  by  the  use  of 
these  titles,  would,  perhaps,  be  sufficient  to  counterbalance  the 
whole  extra  expenditure  for  stereotyping.  At  any  rate,  the  extra 
expense  would  be  constantly  and  rapidly  diminishing,  and  would, 
probably  after  the  fourth  or  fifth  catalogue,  cease  entirely.  The 
Smithsonian  Institution  would  not,  therefore,  be  required  to  assume 
the  charge  of  an  enterprise,  which  might  involve  it  in  great  and 
increasing  expense,  but  merely  to  organize,  and  to  guide  a  system, 
which  will  almost  immediately  pay  its  own  way,  and  will  soon  save 
large  sums  of  money  to  our  public  libraries. 

That  the  aggregate  economy  of  this  plan  would  be  very  great, 
may  be  seen  from'  the  following  statement : 

In  fifteen  thousand  pages,  mostly  in  octavo,  of  catalogues  of  pub 
lic  libraries  in  the  United  States,  there  were  found  to  be  more  than 
four  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  titles.  But,  according  to  the  best 
estimate  which  could  be  made,  these  catalogues  contained  not  more 
than  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  different  titles.  Two-thirds,  at 
least,  of  the  whole  cost  of  printing  these  catalogues  (except  the 
oxtra  expense  incurred  by  stereotyping  the  titles  which  differed) 
might  have  been  saved,  by  following  this  plan. 

Having  shown  its  economy  when  employed  by  single  libraries,  and 
its  greater  economy,  in  connection  with  a  general  system,  it  is  proper 
to  suggest  a  few,  among  the  many  benefits  to  the  cause  of  knowledge, 
which  the  general  adoption  of  this  method  would  seem  to  promise. 


8  ADVANTAGES   OF   THIS   SYSTEM. 

It  can  hardly  be  necessary  to  dwell,  at  length,  upon  the  benefits 
to  be  expected  from  a  general  printed  catalogue  of  all  books  in  the 
public  libraries  of  America.  By  means  of  it,  every  student  in  this 
country  would  be  able  to  learn  the  full  extent  of  his  resources  for 
investigation.  The  places  where  books  could  be  found,  might  be 
indicated  in  the  catalogue.  A  correspondence  could  be  kept  up 
between  this  Institution  and  every  other  library  in  the  country.  A 
system  of  exchange  and  of  loans  might,  with  certain  stringent  con 
ditions,  be  established,  or,  when  the  loan  of  a  book  would  be  im 
practicable,  extracts  could  be  copied,  quotations  verified,  and  re 
searches  made,  through  the  intervention  of  this  Institution,  as 
effectually  to  the  purpose  of  the  student,  in  most  cases,  as  a  personal 
examination  of  the  book.  All  the  literary  treasures  of  the  country 
might  thus  be  made  measurably  available  to  every  scholar. 

Again,  this  general  catalogue  would  enable  purchasers  of  books 
for  public  libraries,  to  consult  judiciously  for  the -wants  of  the 
country.  So  poor  are  we  in  the  books  which  scholars  need;  so 
long,  at  best,  must  we  remain  in  a  condition  of  provincial  depend 
ence  in  literary  matters ;  that  a  responsibility  to  the  whole  country 
rests  upon  the  man,  who  selects  books  for  any  public  library. 

An  important  advantage  of  this  system  is,  that  it  allows  us  to 
vary  the  form  of  the  catalogue,  at  will,  from  the  alphabetical  to  the 
classed,  and  to  modify  the  classification  as  we  please.  The  titles, 
separately  stereotyped,  may  change  their  order  at  command.  If, 
for  example,  it  were  required  to  print  a  separate  list  of  all  books  in 
the  country,  on  the  subject  of  meteorology •,  it  would  merely  be  neces 
sary  to  check  off,  in  the  general  catalogue,  the  titles  to  be  used, 
leaving  to  the  printer  the  rest  of  the  work. 

Another  highly  beneficial  result  would'  be,  the  attainment  of  a  much 
higher  degree  of  uniformity  than  could  otherwise  be  hoped  for. 
The  rules  for  cataloguing  must  be  stringent,  and  should  meet,  as 
far  as  possible,  all  difficulties  of  detail.  Nothing,  so  far  as  can  be 
avoided,  should  be  left  to  the  individual  taste  or  judgment  of  the 
cataloguer.  He  should  be  a  man  of  sufficient  learning,  accuracy  and 
fidelity,  to  apply  the  riles.  In  cases  of  doubt,  reference  should  be 
made  to  the  central  establishment,  to  which  the  whole  work  should 
be  submitted,  page  by  page,  for  examination  and  revision.  Thus, 


ADVANTAGES   OF   THIS    SYSTEM.  9 

we  should  have  all  our  catalogues  formed  substantially  on  one  plan. 
Now,  even  if  the  one  adopted  were  that  of  the  worst  of  our  cata 
logues,  if  it  were  strictly  followed  in  all  alike,  their  uniformity 
would  render  catalogues,  thus  made,  far  more  useful  than  the  present 
(•h  i os  of  irregularities.  The  best  possible  system  ought,  however, 
to  be  the  object  of  our  aim. 

It  is  an  important  consideration,  that  this  plan  would  greatly 
facilitate  the  formation  of  an  American  bibliography,  or  a  complete 
account  of  all  books  published  in  America. 

By  law,  a  copy  of  every  book,  for  which  a  copyright  shall  be 
secured,  in  this  country,  is  required  to  be  delivered  to  the  Smith 
sonian  Institution,  and  to  be  preserved  therein.  It  is  hoped, 
that  additional  legislation,  on  this  subject,  will  soon  lighten  the 
burdens  of  publishers,  and  secure  the  observance  of  this  law,  in  all 
cases. 

The  collection  of  books  thus  obtained  and  preserved,  will  present 
a  complete  monumental  history  of  American*  literature,  during  the 
existence  of  the  law.  It  is  needless  to  enlarge  upon  its  value,  in 
this  point  of  view.  If,  now,  a  list  of  these  publications,  as  they 
come  into  the,  library,  should,  month  by  month,  be  published  in  a 
Bulletin,  and  the  titles  immediately  stereotyped,  the  expense  would 
be  but  trifling  of  issuing,  every  year,  a  catalogue  of  books  copy 
righted  in  America,  during  the  year,  and  printing,  every  five  years, 
a  general  catalogue  of  American  publications,  up  to  that  limit. 
Thus,  monthly  bulletins,  annual  lists,  and  quinquennial  catalogues 
would  furnish  full  and  satisfactory  records  of  American  publications. 

Another  general  consideration  is,  that  this  project  looks  towards 
the  accomplishment  of  that  cherished  dream  of  scholars,  a  universal 
catalogue.  If  the  system  should  be  successful,  in  this  country,  it 
may  eventually  be  so  in  every  country  of  Europe.  When  all  shall 
have  adopted  and  carried  out  the  plan,  each  for  itself,  the  aggregate 
of  general  catalogues,  thus  formed — few  in  number — will  embrace 
the  whole  body  of  literature  extant,  and  from  them,  it  will  be  no 
impossible  task  to  digest  and  publish  a  universal  bibliography. 
How  much  this  would  promote  the  progress  of  knowledge,  by 
showing,  more  distinctly,  what  has  been  attempted  and  accom 
plished,  and  what  yet  remains  to  be  achieved,  and  thus  indicating 


10  A  CATALOGUE   NOT   A  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL   DICTIONARY. 

the  path  of  useful  effort;  how  much,  by  rebuking  the  rashness 
which  rushes  into  authorship,  ignorant  of  what  others  have  written, 
and  adding  to  the  mass  of  books,  without  adding  to  the  sum  of 
knowledge;  how  much,  by  giving  confidence  to  the  true  and  heroic 
student,  who  fears  no  labor,  so  that  it  bring  him  to  the  height  at 
which  he  aims  —  the  summit  of  learning,  in  the  branch  to  Avhich 
he  devotes  himself;  are  objects  which  deserve  the  hopeful  attention 
of  all  who  desire  their  attainment. 

DISTINCTION     BETWEEN    A    CATALOGUE     AND    A     BIBLIOGRAPHICAL 
DICTIONARY. 

A  catalogue  of  a  library  is,  strictly  speaking,  but  a  list  of  the 
titles  of  the  books,  which  it  contains.  It  is  not  generally  expected 
to  give  any  further  description  of  a  book  than  the  author  gives,  or 
ought  to  give  in  the  title-page,  and  the  publisher,  in  the  imprint,  or 
colophon;  except  the  designation  of  form,  which  is,  almost  univer 
sally,  added.  .»,- 

A  bibliographical  dictionary  is  supposed  to  contain,  besides  the 
titles  of  books,  such  descriptions,  more  or  less  extended,  drawn  from 
all  available  sources  of  information,  as  may  be  necessary  to  furnish 
means  of  identifying  each  work,  of  distinguishing  its  different 
editions,  of  ascertaining  the  requisites  of  a  perfect  copy,  of  learning 
all  facts  of  interest  respecting  its  authorship,  publication,  typography, 
subsequent  casualties,  alterations,  etc.,  its  market  value,  and  the 
estimation  in  which  it  is  held. 

A  catalogue  is  designed  to  show  what  books  are  contained  in  a 
particular  collection,  and  nothing  more.  Persons  in  want  of  further 
information,  are  expected  to  seek  for  it  in  bibliographical  dictionaries, 
literary  histories,  or  similar  works. 

Inasmuch,  however,  as  bibliographical  works  are  not  always 
accessible,  or  known  to  the  investigator,  additions  are,  not  unfre- 
quently,  made  to  the  titles,  in  catalogues,  of  such  notices  as  belong 
more  appropriately  to  bibliographical  dictionaries,  as  above  described. 
These,  of  course,  impart  to  such  catalogues  greater  value  and  useful 
ness. 

As  bibliographers,  we  cannot  indeed  but  wish,  that  the  catalogue 
of  every  library  were  a  bibliographical  dictionary  of  its  books. 


THE   SAME  TITLES   FOR   ALL   CATALOGUES.  11 

Practically,  however,  we  must  restrict  our  efforts,  within  the  limits 
of  probable  accomplishment.  There  is  no  species  of  literary  labor 
so  arduous,  or  which  makes  so  extensive  demands  upon  the  learn 
ing  of  the  author,  as  that  of  the  preparation  of  such  works.  The 
most  which  one  man  can  hope  to  effect,  in  this  department,  is  to 
examine  and  describe  books,  in  some  special  branch  of  knowledge, 
or  books  of  some  particular  class,  as  palceotypes,  books  privately 
printed,  a  selection  of  books  most  esteemed  by  collectors,  &c.  It 
is  too  much  to  expect,  that  every  librarian  can  find  time,  or  possess 
learning,  for  such  a  description  of  all  books  under  his  care.  Be 
sides,  this  would  be  a  waste  of  labor  and  of  money.  The  same 
description  would  be  prepared  and  printed,  a  hundred  or  a  thousand 
times. 

It  is  doubtless  desirable,  that  such  results  of  original  investiga 
tions  of  librarians,  as  are  not  to  be  found  in  any  of  the  biblio 
graphical  dictionaries,  should  be  given,  in  the  catalogues  which 
they  publish.  In  other  cases,  also,  as  will  appear  hereafter,  it 
may  be  important  to  give,  in  a  catalogue,  fuller  and  more  accurate 
descriptions  of  books,  than  are  to  be  found  upon  their  title-pages; 
but  the  principle  should  be  established,  and  ever  borne  in  mind, 
that  a  catalogue,  being  designed  to  be  merely  a  list  of  titles,  with 
imprints  and  designations  of  size,  all  additional  descriptions  should 
be  limited  and  regulated  by  explicit  rules,  in  order  to  give  uniform 
ity  and  system  to  the  work,  and  to  restrict  its  bulk  and  cost,  within 
reasonable  bounds. 

PREPARATION    OF    TITLES     SO    AS    TO    SERVE    FOR    BOTH    GENERAL 
AND   PARTICULAR   CATALOGUES. 

It  is  proposed  to  prepare  and  stereotype  catalogues  of  particular 
libraries,  in  such  a  manner,  that  the  titles  can  be  used,  without 
alteration,  for  constructing  a  General  Catalogue. 

This  requires,  that  the  title  of  every  book  be  such,  as  will  apply 
to  every  copy  of  the  same  edition. 

If  the  edition  be  different,  the  book  is  to  be  considered  different. 
In  almost  every  instance,  the  title  also,  is  different.  There  are, 
indeed,  cases,  where  the  title  of  a  book  is  the  same,  in  two  editions, 


12  THE   SAME   TITLES   FOR  ALL   CATALOGUES. 

while  the  body  of  the  work  is  more  or  less  altered.  Such  instances 
are,  however,  of  rare  occurrence.  They  are,  or  should  be,  recorded 
in  bibliographical  works.  They  could  only  be  described  by  one, 
who  should  place  the  two  books  side  by  side,  and  compare  them 
together.  In  general,  titles  vary  with  the  editions.  We  may, 
therefore,  in  using  a  title  transcribed  from  one  copy  of  a  book,  for 
other  copies,  avoid  trouble  by  preparing  and  stereotyping  a  new 
title  for  every  distinct  edition ;  treating  new  editions  as  new  books. 
So  that,  if  copies  of  various  editions  of  a  work  exist  in  several 
libraries,  each  will  appear  with  a  distinct  title,  in  the  General 
Catalogue. 

This  method  of  forming  a  general  catalogue  requires,  further, 
that  peculiarities  of  copy,  which  it  may  be  desirable  to  note  in  pre 
paring  the  catalogues  of  particular  libraries,  should  not  be  stated 
within  the  titles;  but,  if  at  all,  in  notes  appended  to  the  titles,  and 
entirely  separate  from  them. 

One  copy  of  the  same  edition  of  a  book  may  be  on  vellum,  another, 
on  paper;  one  may  be  in  quarto  form,  another  in  octavo;  one  may 
have  cancelled  leaves,  another,  the  substituted  leaves,  another,  added 
leaves;  some  may  contain  autographs;  some,  valuable  manuscript 
notes;  others  may  be  bound  by  Roger  Payne,  etc.,  etc.  These  are 
peculiarities  of  copy,  and  they  may  be  as  numerous  as  the  number 
of  copies  in  the  edition.  They  are  not  noticed  in  title-pages,  and, 
consequently,  would  not  modify  the  entries  in  a  catalogue,  which 
takes  cognizance  of  titles  alone. 

The  printed  matter,  which  constitutes  the  book,  as  a  literary  pro 
duction,  is  not  altered,  in  any  of  these  cases,  except  in  that  of  can 
celled,  substituted,  or  added  leaves.  It  is  indeed  true,  that,  occa 
sionally,  alterations  are  made  in  the  body  of  a  book,  while  it  is 
passing  through  the  press :  that  is  to  say,  after  a  few  copies  have 
been  struck  off,  some  error  may  be  discovered  and  corrected,  or  some 
word  may  be  substituted  for  another.  But,  such  changes  are  always 
slight,  and  can  only  be  detected,  by  comparing  two  or  more  copies  of 
a,  work  together.  In  the  case  of  cancelled  leaves,  it  may,  sometimes 
be  desirable  to  print  in  the  general  catalogue,  the  description  of 
rare  and  important  copies  possessed  by  particular  libraries.  But 
these  cases  would  occur  comparatively  seldom.  The  rule  would  be, 


FORM  OP  THE  CATALOGUE.  13 

to  omit  from  the  title  to  be  stereotyped,  all  account  of  peculiarities, 
or  defects  of  copies. 

In  cataloguing  particular  libraries,  such  peculiarities  should  be 
stated,  upon  the  card,  after  the  title,  but  separate  from  it.  They 
may  be  printed,  at  the  expense  of  such  libraries,  in  the  form  of 
notes  to  their  catalogues.  The  notes  for  any  particular  library  may 
be  made  as  extensive,  as  the  means  of  the  institution,  and  the 
learning  and  leisure  of  its  librarian  permit. 

There  is  another  particular,  in  which  the  catalogue  title  might 
vary,  in  different  copies :  that,  of  designation  of  size.  The  same 
book,  in  the  same  edition,  may  have  copies  in  quarto,  in  octavo, 
and  in  duodecimo.  The  size  of  the  printed  page  is,  however,  in  all 
these  cases,  the  same ;  otherwise,  the  edition  is  different.  All  diffi 
culty,  on  this  account,  therefore,  is  obviated,  and  all  confusion  of 
editions  prevented,  by  adopting,  instead  of,  or  in  addition  to  the 
usual  designation  of  form,  as  the  indication  of  size,  the  measure 
ment  of  the  printed  page,  in  inches  and  tenths.  Other  reasons  for 
this  mode  of  marking  the  size  of  books,  with  minute  directions,  will 
be  given  hereafter. 

FORM  OF  THE  CATALOGUE. 

The  titles  constituting  the  catalogue  may  be  variously  arranged. 
They  may  be  placed  under  the  names  of  authors,  and  the  names 
disposed  in  alphabetical  order;  they  may  be  grouped  in  classes, 
according  to  subjects;  or  they  may  be  made  to  follow  the  order  of 
the  date,  or  place  of  printing. 

The  two  most  common  forms  for  catalogues,  are  the  alphabetical 
and  the  classed.  Much  controversy  has  arisen  respecting  their  com 
parative  usefulness.  It  is  not  necessary  to  revive  it  here,  since  the 
system  now  proposed,  renders  it  easy  to  vary  the  order  of  titles,  so 
as  to  suit  any  desired  form. 

For  the  General  Catalogue,  however,  it  is,  for  several  reasons,  de 
sirable  to  adopt  the  alphabetical  arrangement. 

It  would  be  impossible  to  propose  any  system  of  classification, 
which  would  command  general  approval,  or  upon  which  a  commis 
sion  of  competent  bibliographers  would  be  unanimous  in  opinion. 
4 


14  FORM  OP  THE  CATALOGUE, 

A  classification,  founded  upon  the  nature  of  things,  though  it  has 
occupied  the  best  thoughts  of  such  men  as  Bacon,  Leibnitz, 
D'Alembert,  Coleridge,  Ampere,  and  many  others,  has  not  yet 
been  attained.  Every  classification  which  has  been  proposed  or 
used,  is  more  or  less  arbitrary,  and  consequently  unsatisfactory,  and 
liable  to  be  altered  or  superseded. 

If,  however,  it  were  possible  to  agree  upon  a  system  of  classifica 
tion,  the  attempt  to  carry  it  out  would,  in  a  work  like  that  proposed, 
be  fatal  to  uniformity.  Where  different  men  were  applying  the 
same  system,  their  opinions  would  vary,  with  their  varying  intelli 
gence  and  skill.  This  would  lead  to  utter  and  irremediable  confu 
sion,  and  would  eventually  defeat  all  our  plans. 

Even  were  these  objections  obviated,  the  occurrence  of  fewer  diffi 
culties  in  constructing  an  alphabetical  catalogue  would  still  present 
a  decisive  argument  in  its  favor.  Even  these  are  great.  If  in 
creased,  by  an  attempt  at  classification,  they  would  soon  lead  to  an 
abandonment  of  the  work. 

Another  consideration  of  great  weight  is,  that,  in  reprinting  classi 
fied  catalogues,  and  inserting  additions,  if  the  titles  were  kept  in 
systematic  order,  the  work  of  selecting  those  to  be  used,  and  of 
distributing  them  to  their  places,  would  have  to  be  done  by  a  person, 
who,  besides  being  a  practical  printer,  should  be  familiar  with  the 
bibliographical  system  adopted.  This  would  be  very  expensive. 
Whereas,  on  the  alphabetical  plan,  any  printer  could  do  the  whole. 

On  general  considerations,  without  special  reference  to  those 
which  are  peculiar  to  this  system  of  publishing,  alphabetical  cata 
logues  are  to  be  preferred;  —  catalogues  in  which  all  the  works  of 
each  author  are  placed  under  his  name,  and  the  names  of  authors 
are  arranged  alphabetically;  anonymous  works  being  entered  under 
the  first  word  of  the  title,  not  an  article  or  preposition.  Such  is 
now  the  general  opinion  of  competent  bibliographers  and  literary 
men. 

The  Edinburgh  Review,  in  an  able  and  interesting  article  upon 
the  British  Museum,  holds  the  following  language : 

"  It  seems  to  have  been  almost  universally  agreed  that  the  catalogue  ought 
to  be  alphabetical.  Some  time  ago  the  current  of  opinion  among  literary 
men  seemed  to  be  setting  towards  classed  catalogues,  or  those  in  which  the 


FORM   OF  THE  CATALOGUE.  15 

books  are  arranged  according  to  subjects.  We  had  hardly  supposed  that  this 
illusion  (as  we  hold  it  to  be)  had  become  so  nearly  obsolete  as  the  evidence 
before  us  shows  that  it  is :  and  this  disappearance  of  a  most  injurious  opinion , 
which  never  was  entertained  to  any  extent  by  the  really  experienced  in 
bibliography,  encourages  us  to  hope  that  it  will  not  be  long  before  the  pro- 
''<\ixional  persons  just  alluded  to  [librarians]  will  be  admitted  to  know  best  on 
all  the  points  which  have  been  raised  relative  to  the  care  of  a  large  library." 

The  experience  of  all  students,  of  all  who  use  books,  if  carefully 
noted,  will  show,  that,  in  a  vast  majority  of  cases,  whoever  wishes  to 
refer  to  books  in  a  library,  knows  the  names  of  their  authors.  It 
follows,  that  this  form  of  arrangement  must  be,  in  the  main,  the 
most  convenient ;  and  if  any  other  be  pursued,  it  can  but  accommo 
date  the  minority,  at  the  expense  of  the  majority. 

Still,  it  is  indisputable  that,  oftentimes,  the  names  of  authors  are 
not  known;  that  one  knows,  merely,  what  subjects  he  wishes  to  in 
vestigate. 

It  may  be  said,  that  a  catalogue,  being  designed  to  be  merely  a 
list  of  books  contained  in  a  library,  is  not  to  be  expected  to  furnish 
this  information;  and  that  references  to  all  authors,  treating  of  any 
particular  subjects,  may  be  obtained  from  bibliographical  works, 
encyclopaedias,  and  other  sources  of  information.  This  is  true. 
But,  unfortunately,  these  sources  of  information  are  not  generally 
known,  or  not  rewlily  accessible,  even  to  men  of  considerable  attain 
ments  and  scholarship. 

It  becomes,  then,  a  question  of  importance  how  far  the  wants  of 
such  persons  are  to  be  provided  for.  The  following  remarks  on  this 
subject  are  worthy  of  attentive  consideration: 

"On  this,  as  on  other  points,  we  may  observe  that  two  descriptions  of 
persons  consult  a  catalogue — those  who  know  precisely  what  book  they  are  in 
search  of,  and  those  who  do  not.  The  first  will  find  by  any  rule,  so  soon  as 
they  have  learnt  it ;  and  will  be  glad  indeed  of  a  catalogue  which  preserves 
its  consistency,  even  though  600,000  titles,  running  over  four  quarters  of  the 
globe,  four  centuries  of  time,  and  four  hundred  varieties  of  usage,  should 
actually  require  ninety-one*  rules  of  digestion.  The  second  class  could  easily 

*  These  are  not  all  that  might  be  wanted.  For  example,  the  case  is  not  provided  for,  though  it 
has  occurred,  in  which  an  author,  in  his  title-page,  invites  the  reader  to  make  his  choice 
between  two  ways  of  spelling  his  own  name.  Here,  we  are  to  presume,  some  of  our  witnesses 
would  take  the  first  method  given,  others  would  leave  the  cataloguer  to  comply  with  the 
author's  request 


16  FORM  OP  THE  CATALOGUE. 

be  suited,  if  all  their  imperfect  conceptions  tended  to  the  same  case  of  confu 
sion:  and,  as  being  the  majority,  would  have  a  right  to  the  adoption  of  the 
one  nearly  universal  misconception ;  which,  being  one,  would  furnish  a  rule. 
But  it  is  truth  which  is  single,  while  error  is  manifold ;  and  consequently,  it 
is  clear  to  every  common  sense  except  that  of  men  of  letters  claiming,  as 
such,  to  be  bibliographers,  that  one  of  two  things  should  be  done : — either  the 
truth  should  be  taken,  when  known,  or  in  the  event  of  it  being  possible  to  be 
wrong,  the  error  should  be  the  consequence  of  a  digested  and  easily-appre 
hended  rule,  consistently  applied  throughout.  If  the  framer  of  the  catalogue 
be  allowed  to  do  as  he  likes,  the  consulter  of  it  must  do  as  he  can.  Now 
which  of  the  two  classes  should  be  considered  in  preference, — those  who 
know  what  they  want  or  those  who  do  not  ?  The  Doctor  of  Divinity  already 
quoted,  gives  this  as  one  of  his  rules:  'Item,  whan  anie  man  comith  and 
wotteth  not  what  he  wold  haue,  then  he  (the  keper  of  the  Bokys)  shall  tell 
hym,  and  doe  hym  to  understond  hys  besynesse.'  This  can  be  done,  to  a  certain 
extent,  by  cross-references.  But,  all  cross-references  being  concessions  to  want 
of  accurate  knowledge,  it  is  plain  that  discretionary  entries,  with  discretionary 
cross-references,  would  form  a  plan  which  puts  entirely  out  of  the  question 
the  convenience  of  the  person  who  knows  exactly  what  he  wants ;  which  kills 
both  calf  and  cow  for  the  less  deserving  son,  without  giving  the  power  of 
making  any  answer  to  the  complaint  of  the  one  who  never  fed  on  husks. 
Nothing  is  stranger  in  the  course  of  the  evidence  before  us,  than  the  quiet 
manner  in  which  the  opponents  of  the  existing  plan  take  it  far  granted  that 
no  one  ever  goes  with  a  precise  knowledge  of  the  title-page  of  the  work  he 
seeks,  unless  it  be  the  coolness  with  which  this  accurate  inquirer  is  told,  as 
Mr.  Carlyle  said  to  those  who  write  useful  knowledge,  that  he  is  one  '  whom 
it  is  not  worth  while  to  take  much  trouble  to  accommodate.' " 

But  it  is  convenient  even  for  those  to  whom  the  principles  and 
means  of  research  are  best  known,  to  be  able  to  ascertain,  readily, 
what  books,  of  those  which  they  know  to  have  been  written  upon 
the  subjects  of  their  investigation,  are  to  be  found  in  the  particular 
libraries  which  they  consult.  This  end  may  be  attained  in  the 
following  manner.  In  connection  with  the  catalogue  of  each  library, 
there  should  be  an  index  of  subjects.  This  index  should  also  be 
alphabetical.  Under  each  subject,  the  divisions  which  naturally 
belong  to  it,  should  be  distinctly  recognized.  It  may  here  be  re 
marked,  that  the  parts  of  any  particular  science,  or  branch  of  learn 
ing,  may  be  clearly  defined,  and  universally  acknowledged,  whilst  the 
relation  of  this  science,  or  branch  of  learning,  to  others,  may  not  be 
clearly  established.  To  use  the  words  of  a  vigorous  writer  upon 


RULES   FOR  PREPARING   CATALOGUES.  17 

this  subject:  "Take  a  library  upon  one  science,  and  it  classifies 
beautifully,  sketching  out,  to  a  nicety,  the  boundaries,  which,  it  is 
too  rarely  noticed,  are  much  more  distinct  between  the  parts  of  a 
subject,  than  between  one  subject  an'd  another.  Long  after  the 
counties  of  England  and  Scotland  were  well  determined,  the  de- 
bateable  land  was  nothing  but  a  theatre  of  war." 

This  index  should  be  alphabetical,  rather  than  classed,  because  it 
is  easier  to  find  a  word,  in  an  alphabetical  arrangement,  than  in  any 
other  order  of  classification;  and,  besides,  the  subject  of  research 
may  be  one  not  admitted,  as  a  distinct  division,  in  any  classification. 
Such  indexes  can  hardly  be  expected,  immediately,  in  connection 
with  the  general  catalogue;  though,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  that  these 
valuable  appendages  will  not  long  be,  of  necessity,  omitted. 

A  method  of  securing  uniformity  in  such  indexes  may,  hereafter, 
be  agreed  upon,  so  that  they  may  be  combined  and  form  an  alpha 
betical  index  of  subjects  to  the  general  catalogue.  It  is  thought 
best,  however,  for  the  present,  to  limit  our  efforts  to  the  procuring 
of  good  alphabetical  catalogues,  as  a  groundwork,  to  which  other 
valuable  aids  to  research,  may,  as  opportunities  offer,  be  super- 
added. 

NECESSITY  OP  RULES  FOR  THE  PREPARATION  OF  CATALOGUES. 

The  preparation  of  a  catalogue  may  seem  a  light  task,  to  the  in 
experienced,  and  to  those  who  are  unacquainted  with  the  require 
ments  of  the  learned  world,  respecting  such  works.  In  truth,  how 
ever,  there  is  no  species  of  literary  labor  so  arduous  and  perplexing. 
The  peculiarities  of  titles  are,  like  the  idiosyncracies  of  authors,  in 
numerable.  Books  are  in  all  languages,  and  treat  of  subjects  as 
multitudinous  as  the  topics  of  human  thought. 

Liability  to  error  and  to  confusion  is,  here,  so  great  and  so  con 
tinual,  that  it  is  impossible  to  labor  successfully,  without  a  rigid 
adherence  to  rules.  Although  such  rules  be  not  formally  enunciated, 
they  must  exist  in  the  mind  of  the  cataloguer,  and  guide  him,  or 
the  result  of  his  labors  will  be  mortifying  and  unprofitable. 

In  this  country,  he  who  undertakes  to  prepare  a  catalogue,  goes 


IS  RULES   FOR  PREPARING  CATALOGUES. 


to  the  work  under  great  disadvantages,  in  many  respects.  Few 
have  had  opportunity  to  acquire  the  requisite  bibliographical  know 
ledge  and  experience;  and  few  libraries  contain  the  necessary  books 
of  reference.  A  set  of  rules,  therefore,  seems  peculiarly  necessary 
for  the  assistance  of  librarians. 

Minute  and  stringent  rules  become  absolutely  indispensable, 
when  the  catalogue  of  each  library  is,  as  upon  the  proposed  plan,  to 
form  part  of  a  general  catalogue.  Uniformity  is,  then,  imperative ; 
but,  among  many  laborers,  can  only  be  secured  by  the  adherence  of 
all  to  rules  embracing,  as  far  as  possible,  the  minutest  details  of  the 
work. 

The  rules  which  follow  were  drawn  up  with  great  care.  They  are 
founded  upon  ^hose  adopted  for  the  compilation  of  the  catalogue  of 
the  British  Museum;  some  of  them  are,  verbatim,  the  same.  Others 
conform  more  to  rules  advocated  by  Mr.  Panizzi,  than  to  those 
finally  sanctioned  by  the  Trustees  of  the  Museum.  Many  modifica 
tions  and  additions  have  been  made,  adapted  to  the  peculiar  character 
of  the  system  now  proposed.  Some  innovations  have  been  intro 
duced,  which,  it  is  hoped,  may  be  considered  improvements.  The 
commissioners,  appointed  to  examine  and  replrt  upon  the  catalogue 
project,  considered  not  only  its  general  features,  but,  also,  its  minute 
details.  To  them,  were  submitted  the  rules  for  cataloguing,  which 
were  separately  discussed,  and,  after  having  been  variously  amended 
and  modified,  were  recommended  for  adoption. 

It  is  too  much  to  suppose  that  any  code  should  provide  for  every 
case  of  difficulty  which  may  occur.  The  great  aim,  here,  has  been 
to  establish  principles,  and  to  furnish  analogies,  by  which  many 
cases,  not  immediately  discussed,  may  be  indirectly  settled;  and,  it 
is  believed,  that  the  instances  will  be  few,  which  cannot  be  deter 
mined,  by  studying  the  rules,  with  the  remarks  under  them;  and 
carefully  considering  the  characteristics  of  this  kind  of  catalogue. 

It  should  be  remembered  that  a  principal  object  of  the  rules  is  to 
secure  uniformity;  and  that,  consequently,  some  rules,  which  may 
seem  unnecessarily  burdensome,  and,  in  certain  applications,  even 
capricious,  are,  all  things  considered,  the  best;  because  they  secure 
Ahat  uniformity,  which  is  not  otherwise  possible  of  attainment,  and 


COLLABORATORS   AND   SUPERINTENDENT.  19 

without  which,  the   catalogues   cculd   not   be   comprehended  in  a 
general  system. 

DUTIES   OF  COLLABORATORS   AND   SUPERINTENDENT. 

The  catalogue  of  each  library  is  to  be  prepared,  in  accordance 
with  the  rules,  under  the  immediate  direction  of  the  librarian,  by 
transcribers  employed  by  him.  Should  the  system  here  proposed 
come  into  general  use,  it  will  probably  be  found  expedient  to  have 
persons  specially  trained  to  the  business,  who  shall  go  from  place  to 
place,  for  the  purpose  of  making  catalogues.  Much  of  the  value  of 
the  work  will,  of  course,  depend  upon  the  faithfulness  and  learning 
of  those  who  first  prepare  the  titles.  The  qualifications,  both  natu 
ral  and  acquired,  demanded  for  the  suitable  accomplishment  of  their 
task,  are,  unfortunately,  rare.  No  person,  who  is  impatient,  indo 
lent,  inaccurate,  or  careless  in  his  personal  habits ;  who  is  ignorant 
of  literary  history  and  bibliography;  who  is  unacquainted  with  the 
classical,  and  with  the  most  important  modern  languages;  or  who 
is  destitute  of  that  general  knowledge  of  the  circle  of  the  sciences, 
which  is  attained  in,  what  is  usually  called,  a  liberal  education ;  can 
be  expected  to  make  a  catalogue  of  a  general  library,  that  will  not 
be  discreditable  to  the  compiler,  and  to  the  institution  employing 
him.  Great  care  should,  therefore,  be  exercised  in  selecting  men 
for  such  work. 

It  is  proper  to  remark,  in  this  place,  that  no  one,  whatever  may 
be  his  talents,  attainments  and  industry,  can  safely  work  with  the 
rapidity,  which  the  public,  and  committees  (inexperienced  in  cata 
logue-making,  however  judicious  and  well-instructed  in  other  mat 
ters)  frequently  require.  It  is  impossible  to  say  what  would  be  a 
good  average  rate  of  performance,  in  cataloguing  a  library,  without 
knowing  exactly  the  kind  of  works  it  contains.  The  best  and  only 
satisfactory  criterion  is  furnished  by  the  rate  of  progress  in  the 
British  Museum,  the  National  Library  of  Paris,  and  other  large 
libraries  containing  books  of  all  kinds.  A  trial  of  many  years  has 
shown  that  men  possessed  of  the  best  qualifications,  long  practised 
in  the  work,  with  every  advantage  of  a  systematic  division  of  labor, 
of  access  to  all  necessary  books  of  reference,  and  to  persons  who 


•20  COLLABOEATOES  AND   SUPEEINTENDENT. 

•could  help  them  in  emergencies,  provided  with  every  mechanical 
fecility  and  assistance  to  be  desired,  can  prepare  about  forty  or  fifty 
titles  a  day. 

The  danger  of  working  with  too  great  rapidity,  without  rules,  and 
without  suitable  bibliographical  preparation,  was  most  strikingly  illus 
trated  during  the  discussions  of  the  British  Museum  Commission. 
The  following  account  of  the  particular  instance  alluded  to  is  extracted 
from  an  article  in  the  Edinburgh  Review  for  October,  1850  : 

"Mr.  Payne  Collier,  the  secretary  of  the  Commission,  undertook  to  show 
how  the  Museum  catalogue  should  be  made,  without  reference  to  any  preceding 
one.  Mr.  Collier  prepared,  according  to  his  own  views,  twenty-five  titles, 
done  in  an  hour,  of  books  from  his  own  library,  and  with  which  he  was  there 
fore  previously  well  acquainted.  They  were  handed  to  Mr.  Panizzi,  with  the 
full  consent  of  the  writer,  and  an  invitation  of  criticism.  Mr.  Payne  Collier 
is  known  to  our  readers :  but  to  ' excuse  the  tone  of  confidence '  he  assumed, 
he  described  himself,  in  handing  over  these  slips,  as  having  attained  a  certain 
reputation  in  letters  and  particularly  in  antiquarian  literature.  The  descrip 
tion  is  as  correct  a  one  as  could  be  looked  for  from  Mr.  Collier  himself:  and 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  the  Shakspeare  and  Camden  Societies,  and  the 
Eoyal  Society  of  Literature  could  inform  the  public,  if  need  were,  that  he  did 
not  overrate  himself.  Moreover,  his  confidence  was  proved  and  supported  by 
the  most  explicit  dealing :  he  willingly  lent  those  of  the  books  he  had  de 
scribed  which  were  not  in  the  Museum  library,  and,  after  the  criticism  to 
which  we  are  coming,  he  offered  no  plea  of  haste.  On  the  contrary,  when  a 
contemporary  journal,  of  opposite  views  to  our  own,  called  them,  by  way  of 
extenuation,  his  'hurried  slips,'  he  wrote  a. public  letter  in  correction  of  the 
designation,  maintaining  that  they  were  'not  hurried  in  any  sense  of  the 
word,'  and  adhering  to  the  defence,  presently  to  be  noticed,  which  he  had  cir 
culated  among  the  Commissioners  in  a  private  pamphlet. 

"Mr.  Panizzi  put  these  slips  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  Jones,  his  senior 
assistant,  requesting  him  to  report  upon  them.  The  report  was  as  follows : 

'These  tw«nty-five  titles  contain  almost  every  possible  error  which  can  be  committed  in  cata 
loguing  books,  and  are  open  to  almost  every  possible  objection  -which  can  be  brought  against 
concise  titles.  The  faults  may  be  classed  as  follows: — 1st.  Incorrect  or  insufficient  description, 
calculated  to  mislead  as  to  the  nature  or  condition  of  the  work  specified.  2nd.  Omission  of  the 
names  of  editors,  whereby  we  lose  a  most  necessary  guide  in  selecting  among  different  editions 
of  the  same  work.  3rd.  Omission  of  the  Christian  names  of  authors,  causing  great  confusion 
between  the  works  of  different  authors  who  have  the  same  surname — a  confusion  increasing  in 
proportion  to  the  extent  of  the  catalogue.  4th.  Omission  of  the  names  of  annotators.  5th. 
Omission  of  the  names  of  translators.  6th.  Omission  of  the  number  of  the  edition,  thus  re 
jecting  a  most  important  and  direct  evidence  of  the  value  of  a  work.  7th.  Adopting  the  name 
of  the  editor  as  a  heading,  when  the  name  of  the  author  appears  in  the  title-page.  8th.  Adopt 
ing  the  name  of  the  translator  as  a  heading,  when  the  name  of  the  author  appears  on  the  title- 
page.  9th.  Adopting  as  a  heading  the  title  or  name  of  the  author  merely  as  it  appears  on  the 
title-page— a  practice  which  would  distribute  the  works  of  the  Bishop  of  Jxmdon  under  the 


COLLABORATORS   AND   SUPERINTENDENT.  21 

Blomfield,  Chester,  and  London ;  and  those  of  Lord  Ellesmere  under  Qowan,  Egerton, 
and  Ellesmere.  10th.  Using  English  or  some  other  language  instead  of  the  language  of  the 
title-page,  llth.  Cataloguing  anonymous  works,  or  works  published  under  initials,  under  the 
name  of  the  supposed  author.  Where  this  practice  is  adopted,  the  books  so  catalogued  can  be 
found  only  by  those  who  possess  the  same  information  as  the  cataloguer,  and  uniformity  of 
system  is  impossible,  unless  the  cataloguer  know  the  author  of  every  work  published  anony 
mously  or  under  initials.  12th.  Errors  in  grammar.  13th.  Errors  in  description  of  the  size  of 
the  book.  We  have  here  faults  of  thirteen  different  kinds  in  twenty-five  titles,  and  the  number 
of  these  faults  amount  to  more  than  two  in  each  title.  A  large  proportion  of  them,  moreover, 
is  of  such  a  nature  that  it  would  be  impossible  to  detect  them  when  the  written  title  is  separated 
from  the  book;  for  example,  Mr.  Collier  has  catalogued  an  edition  of  the  Odyssey,  with  a  Latin 
title,  as  though  the  title  were  in  Gieek.  A  mere  perusal  of  Mr.  Collier's  title  would  not  lead 
any  person  to  suspect  the  existence  of  such  a  blunder.  [I  may  say  (says  Mr.  Panizzi),  by  way 
of  parenthesis,  that  when  I  saw  this  Odyssey,  printed  at  Oxford,  with  a  Greek  title,  I  sent 
everywhere  to  try  to  find  it.  I  had  one  with  a  Latin  title  of  the  same  year,  and  of  the  same 
size,  but  I  could  not  be  sure  that  it  was  the  same.  I  sent  to  Oxford ;  I  made  all  sorts  of  in 
quiries  ;  nobody  knew  such  an  Odyssey  with  a  Greek  title ;  but  still  this  was  negative  evidence, 
until  I  begged  the  favor  of  Mr.  Collier  to  show  me  the  book  itself  from  which  he  drew  up  his 
title.  The  title  is  in  Latin,  therefore  the  idea  created  by  his  title,  that  there  was  another  edition 
of  the  Odyssey  hi  the  same  year  and  of  the  same  size,  at  Oxford,  is  wrong ;  there  was  only  one.] 
Two  editions  of  Madame  de  Stael's  work  on  the  French  Revolution  appeared  at  Paris  in  1818  ; 
but  Mr.  Collier's  title  making  no  mention  of  the  edition,  the  inference  would  arise  that  the 
copy  to  which  it  referred  was  of  the  first  rather  than  of  the  second  edition.  It  is  a  fallacy  to 
say  that  errors  can  be  corrected  on  a  subsequent  perusal  of  the  titles  or  in  print,  unless  that 
perusal  be  an  actual  comparison  of  the  title  with  the  book.  [In  fact,  in  the  case  of  the  Odyssey 
with  the  Greek  title,  the  title  looked  to  all  intents  and  purposes  very  correct,  but  it  was  not 
correct.]  Where  we  see  such  a  result  as  is  shown  above,  from  an  experiment  made  by  a  gentle 
man  of  education;  accustomed  to  research,  and  acquainted  with  books  generally,  upon  only 
twenty-five  works,  taken  from  his  own  library,  and  of  the  most  easy  description,  we  may  form 
some  idea  of  what  a  catalogue  would  be,  drawn  up,  in  the  same  manner,  by  ten  persons,  of 
about  600,000  works,  embracing  every  branch  of  human  learning,  and  presenting  difficulties  of 
every  possible  description.  The  average  number  of  faults  being  more  than  two  to  a  title,  the 
total  is  somewhat  startling— about  1,300,000  faults  for  the  600,000  works;  that  is,  supposing  the 
proportion  to  continue  the  same.  But  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  proportion  of  errors 
would  increase  with  the  number  of  titles;  that  to  errors  in  drawing  up  each  individual  title 
•would  be  superadded  the  errors  which  would  unavoidably  occur  in  the  process  of  arranging 
the  titles,  and  subsequently  in  the  printing.  In  short,  I  humbly  conceive  that  it  would  be  im 
possible  to  prove  the  inexpediency  of  Mr.  Collier's  plan  more  effectually  than  he  has  himself 
done ;  and  I  hope  I  may  add,  without  giving  offence,  that,  had  I  seen  these  titles  under  any 
other  circumstances  than  the  present,  I  should  have  concluded  that  the  object  was  to  show  how 
nearly  worthless  would  be  a  catalogue,  the  proposed  advantages  of  which  were  short  titles, 
drawn  up  and  printed  within  the  shortest  possible  period  of  time.' 

"Mr.  Jones  then  proceeded  to  a  detailed  proof  of  his  assertions.  In  a  case 
of  this  kind,  we  are  inclined  to  think  that  Mr.  Collier  should  have  had  a  reply : 
but  the  question  is  complicated,  for  though  here  assailed,  he  was  an  assailant, 
and  moreover  was  an  officer  of  the  court  who  had  been  permitted  to  make 
himself  a  partizan,  and  to  support  his  own  views  by  circulating  pamphlets 
among  the  judges,  which  a  sense  of  official  propriety  prevented  Mr.  Panizzi 
from  answering  in  the  same  way.  Mr.  Collier  did  answer  in  a  pamphlet  ad 
dressed  to  the  Commissioners,  as  well  as  (recently)  in  the  journal  alluded  to. 
The  answer  does  not  deny  one  iota  of  Mr.  Jones's  imputation :  it  merely  pro 
tests  against  being  tried  by  Mr.  Panizzi's  rules.  <  I  intended,'  says  Mr.  Collier, 
*  my  English  mode  of  cataloguing  to  be  diametrically  opposed  to  his  foreign 
mode,  which  might  do  well  enough  for  stationary  or  retrograding  countries, 
where  want  of  enlightenment  is  at  this  hour  producing  the  most  lamentable 
5 


22  COLLABORATORS  AND   SUPERINTENDENT. 

consequences,  but  which  was  totally  unfit  for  this  country,  where  inquiry  is 
active,  where  education  is  daily  extending,  and  which  mainly  owes  to  the 
spread  of  education*  the  happiness  and  tranquillity  it  enjoys.  Nothing 
therefore  could  be  more  obviously  unjust  than  to  test  my  titles  by  Mr.  Panizzi's 
rules.  I  discarded  them  altogether;  I  threw  them  overboard  at  once,  and  en 

masse ' 

"We  are  English  as  well  as  Mr.  Collier;  but  we  do  not  see  that  progress  and 
enlightenment  are  essentially  connected  with  bad  bibliography  at  two  errors 
and  a  fraction  per  title.  Neither  do  we  think  Mr.  Collier's  defence  more  valid 
than  would  be  that  of  an  incorrect  arithmetician  who  should  attribute  the 
rules  to  Cocker  or  Walkingame,  and  protest  against  the  jurisdiction.  Mr. 
Panizzi's  rules,  like  all  other  codes,  contain  offences  divisible  into  mala  in  se 
and  mala  prohibita:  Mr.  Collier  justifies  his  departures  from  the  morals  of 
bibliography,  by  alleging  his  right  to  differ  from  Mr.  Panizzi  about  its  expe 
diencies.  He  leaves  out  an  author's  Christian  name,  or  substitutes  his  trans 
lator  for  him,  and  says  he  is  not  bound  to  follow  Mr.  Panizzi's  foreign  modes : 
and  therein  he  resembles  those  reasoners  who  have  defended  false  inference 
by  renouncing  Aristotle.  But  his  own  argument  may  be  turned  against  him : 
it  is  a  strong  presumption  in  favor  of  the  materiality  of  Mr.  Panizzi's  rules, 
that  so  able  an  opponent  finds  himself  under  the  necessity  of  implying  the 
following  alternative — either  those  rules,  or  such  bibliography  as  is  seen  in 
this  rejection  of  them.  We  dwell  the  more  upon  this  point  because  we  observe 
that  some  of  the  journals  adopt  the  defence,  and  say  in  terms  that  what  Mr. 
Panizzi  calls  errors  are  deviations  from  his  own  ninety-one  rules.  Are  we 
really  to  believe  that,  if  Mr.  Collier  had  chosen  to  spell  authors'  names  back 
wards,  it  would  have  been  a  sufficient  answer  to  an  objection  from  Mr.  Panizzi, 
that  the  plan  of  writing  them  forwards  was  one  of  his  own  rules  ?  According 
to  Mr.  Collier  and  his  defenders,  English  grammar  is  only  one  of  Mr.  Panizzi's 
foreign  modes,  repudiated  by  English  common  sense." 

But  the  most  elaborately  formed  rules  for  cataloguing  are  inade 
quate  to  provide  for  all  cases.  Doubts  and  difficulties  will  unavoid 
ably  arise,  as  to  their  application.  For  example,  in  abridging  titles, 
scarcely  any  two  men  would  agree,  even  within  the  limits  of  the  rules 
given.  It  is  necessary,  therefore,  that  there  should  be  a  central 
superintendence  of  the  whole  enterprise;  and  that  the  duties  of  those 
who  are  engaged  in  preparing  the  titles,  and  of  the  superintendent 
should  be  distinctly  understood.  This  object  has  been  kept  in  view 
in  preparing  the  rules.  The  transcribers  are  to  be  responsible  for 

*  We  understand  Mr.  Collier  to  imply  that  education  is  much  more  extended  in  England  than 
in  Prussia. 


PRINTING  AND   STEREOTYPING.  28 

exactness,  in  writing  off  titles  without  abridgment;  and  for  a  clear 
statement,  in  notes,  of  all  peculiarities  not  mentioned  in  the  titles. 
They  should  also  indicate  the  parts  of  the  titles  which  they  think 
might  be  omitted. 

The  titles  are  then  to  be  submitted  to  the  superintendent.  He  is 
to  examine  them,  in  order  to  see  that  all  the  rules  have  been  ob 
served.  He  is  to  decide  upon  all  abridgments  and  additions,  and 
mark  the  n^inuscript  for  the  printer.  He  is  also  to  examine  the  last 
revise. 

PRINTING  AND   STEREOTYPING. 

The  printing  should  all  be  executed  in  one  office,  under  the  imme 
diate  eye  of  the  superintendent.  The  same  type,  *  and  the  same  style 
of  work  should  be  used  in  all  parts. 

It  is  not  necessary,  upon  this  plan,  to  finish  a  catalogue  in  manu 
script,  before  beginning  to  print.  Titles  may  be  prepared  and  stereo 
typed  without  regard  to  their  future  arrangement.  The  work  of  the 
printer  may  keep  pace  with  that  of  the  transcribers.  Should  it  be 
desired,  a  catalogue  might  be  published  in  parts,  each  comprising  a 
particular  class  of  books. 

The  titles,  after  having  been  set  up  in  type,  and  corrected  with 
the  utmost  care,  are,  before  stereotyping,  to  be  sent  to  the  library  to 
which  they  belong,  to  be  revised,  by  a  comparison  with  the  books 
themselves.  This  arrangement  implies  the  necessity  of  a  large  fount 
of  type,  and  of  promptness  on  the  part  of  librarians. 

The  titles  are  then  to  be  stereotyped,  each  upon  a  separate  plate, 
or  block.  The  headings  (if  they  be  names)  are  to  stand  on  plates 
distinct  from  the  titles.  This  is  required,  in  order  to  avoid  repeating 
them  for  each  title.  They  must  be  separate  from  the  titles,  that 
other  titles  may,  if  occasion  require,  be  interposed. 

Every  name,  or  other  word,  used  as  a  heading,  is  to  be  printed,  in 
the  title,  in  small  capitals;  thus  each  stereotyped  title  will  show,  at  a 
glance,  the  heading  under  which  it  belongs. 

Each  title  is  to  have  upon  it  a  running  number,  according  to  the 
order  of  its  being  stereotyped.  The  use  of  this  number  is  for 
reference  to  the  Local  Index  of  the  general  catalogue,  in  which 


24  PRESERVATION   AND   USE   OF   THE   PLATES. 

the  libraries,  where  the  books  are  to  be  found,  will  be  designated. 
When  the  catalogue  is  made  up,  these  numbers  will  not  be  in  con 
nection;  but  in  the  index,  they  will  follow  each  other  in  consecutive 
order,  and  should  there  have,  printed  against  each,  the  names  of 
the  several  libraries  containing  the .  book.  These  numbers  will 
further  serve  to  show  the  extent  and  progress  of  the  work. 

Copies  of  the  titles  stereotyped  will  be  kept  at  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  arranged  in  their  numerical  order ;  so  thal^n  referring 
to  any  particular  title  it  may  not  be  necessary  to  copy  the  title  in 
full,  but  merely  to  give  the  number  attached  to  it. 

It  will  sometimes  happen,  that  words,  which,  according  to  the 
rules,  are  used  as  headings,  do  not  occur  in  the  titles.  There 
would,  then,  without  further  provision,  be  no  means  of  ascertaining, 
from  an  examination  of  the  plate  itself,  its  order  in  the  collection. 
To  meet  this  case,  the  expedient  has  been  adopted,  of  setting  up 
the  word  to  be  used  as  the  heading,  in  the  margin  of  the  title,  and  in 
shorter  type,  which  will  then  show  itself  upon  the  plate,  but  not  upon 
ihe  printed  page. 

PRESERVATION  AND  USE  OF  THE  PLATES. 

When  the  titles  have  been  stereotyped,  and  the  plates  ascertained 
to  be  in  perfect  working  order,  they  are  to  be  arranged  alphabetically, 
and  kept  on  sliding  shelves,  or  shallow  drawers,  placed  as  near  to 
each  other  as  possible.  The  catch-letters  of  the  titles  may  be  marked 
upon  the  front  of  each  shelf,  so  as  to  admit  of  alteration  as  the 
changing  of  the  plates  may  require.  The  ranges  of  shelves  may  be 
so  disposed  as  to  form  deep  and  narrow  alcoves.  A  room  of  fifty  feet 
by  forty  would  accommodate  the  plates  of  upwards  of  a  million  titles, 
which  may,  in  this  manner,  be  kept  in  very  compact  and  perfect  order, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  be  easily  accessible. 

It  may  not  be  amiss  to  add,  that  the  material,  which  it  is  proposed 
to  employ  in  the  stereotyping,  is  much  less  expensive  than  common 
type  metal;  so  cheap,  indeed,  that  the  whole  expenditure  on  this 
account,  even  for  so  large  a  collection,  would  be  of  small  importance. 
It  is,  besides,  much  lighter  than  type  metal,  more  convenient  in 
handling,  and  requires  fewer,  and  less  expensive  fixtures.  It  is  not 


METHOD  OP  USING  THE  STEREOTYPED   TITLES.  25 

tit  all  affected  by  dampness,  or  by  any  ordinary  elevation  of  tempera 
ture. 

The  plates  are  mounted,  for  printing,  upon  blocks  similar  to  those 
ordinarily  used  for  stereotype  plates,  but  with  continuous  clamps  ex 
tending  the  whole  length  of  the  page.  The  breadth  of  page  adopted 
is  such  as  is  suitable  for  a  work  in  octavo,  or  in  double  columns  in 
quarto  or  folio.  The  latter  form  (folio  double  columns)  will  probably 
be  found  most  convenient,  as  well  as  most  economical,  for  large  cata 
logues.  Presenting  more  titles  upon  a  page,  it  enables  a  student  to 
examine  and  compare,  with  greater  facility,  the  various  works  of  an 
author.  It  requires  also  less  paper  and  press-work  for  the  same 
number  of  titles.  These  considerations  have  led  to  the  general 
adoption  of  the  folio  form  for  catalogues  of  large  libraries.  To  these 
it  may  be  added,  in  the  present  case,  that  in  folio  pages  it  would  be 
practicable  to  avoid  the  division  of  titles  between  lines,  without 
occasioning  observable  irregularities  in  the  length  of  the  pages. 

METHOD  OP  USING  THE   STEREOTYPED  TITLES  IN  THE  FORMATION 
OP  NEW  CATALOGUES. 

In  concluding  these  details  of  the  system  of  stereotyping  cata 
logues,  by  separate  titles,  it  now  remains  to  say  a  few  words  upon 
the  method  of  employing  the  titles,  in  the  construction  of  new  cata 
logues. 

Whenever,  after  the  publication  of  one  catalogue,  upon  this  plan,  it 
should  be  proposed  to  form  a  catalogue  of  another  library,  the  first 
step  would  be  to  ascertain,  which  of  the  titles  of  such  library  have 
been  already  stereotyped;  for  these  need  not  again  be  transcribed. 

This  may  be  done  in  the  following  manner.  A  copy  of  the  cata 
logue  already  published,  together  with  a  copy  of  any  titles  which 
may  have  been  subsequently  stereotyped,  should  be  sent  to  the  cata 
loguer,  who  as  he  takes  a  book  from  the  shelf  should  first  seek  for  its 
title  among  those  already  printed.  If  a  title,  strictly  identical  with 
that  of  the  book,  be  found,  it  should  be  marked  in  the  margin. 

When  titles  occur,  which  he  does  not  find  among  those  already  printed, 
they  are  to  be  written,  each  on  a  card  or  slip  of  paper,  according  to  the 
rules;  and,  as  the  work  goes  on;  sent,  in  parcels,  to  be  stereotyped. 


26  METHOD  OP  USING   THE   STEREOTYPED   TITLES. 

When  the  cataloguer  has  gone  through  the  library  in  this  manner, 
he  is  to  return  the  printed  catalogues,  in  the  margin  of  which  he  has 
marked  the  common  titles.  The  printer  will  then  be  able  to  select 
and  combine  the  plates  to  be  used  for  this  particular  catalogue,  im 
pose  them,  print  the  requisite  number  of  copies,  and  distribute  them 
to  their  places. 

After  the  catalogues  of  several  libraries  shall  have  been  thus  pre 
pared  and  printed,  they  will  be  combined  to  form  a  general  catalogue 
of  those  libraries,  and  thus  the  labor  of  selecting  common  titles  will 
always  be  limited  within  narrow  bounds. 


RULES, 


RULES  FOE  PREPARING  CATALOGUES. 


TITLES. 

I.  The  Titles  are  to  be  transcribed  IN  FULL,  including 
the  names  of  Authors,  Editors,  Translators,  Com 
mentators,  Continuators,  &c.,  precisely  as  they  stand 
upon  the  title-page. 

EXCEPTIONS.  There  are  many  titles  from  which  much  may  well 
be  omitted.  But  to  make  omissions  without  prejudice  to  ready  in 
vestigation  is  an  extremely  difficult  and  delicate  task,  in  the 
performance  of  which,  uniformity  is  highly  important;  it  is  therefore 
desirable  that  all  abridgments  be  made  by  the  same  person.  To 
this  end,  the  rule  should  stand  without  exception,  so  far  as  the 
writing  out  of  the  titles  is  concerned.  The  abridgments  for  printing 
should  all  be  made  by  the  superintendent,  and  only  in  the  following 


Additions  to  names  of  authors,  &c.,  not  necessary  for  their  identi 
fication;  mottoes,  repetitions,  or  expletives  not  essential  to  a  full  and 
clear  titular  description  of  the  book,  may  be  omitted.  Omissions  of 
mottoes  and  devices  are  to  be  denoted  by  three  stars;  of  other 
matter,  by  three  dots,  placed  thus  .  .  . 

No  omission  is  to  be  made  which  requires  any  change  in,  or  ad 
dition  to,  the  phraseology  of  that  part  of  the  title  which  is  retained. 
Not  even  an  improvement  of  the  title,  by  any  change,  is  to  be  allowed. 

REMARK  1.  This  rule  is  understood  to  apply  only  to  the  princi 
pal  entry.  It  is  supposed  that  each  title  will  be  entered  in  full  only 
once.  All  other  entries  will  refer  to  this  full  entry.  They  will  be 
called  Cross-References}  and  rules  for  their  preparation  are  given 
hereafter. 

6 


30  RULES. 

REMARK  2.  It  is  necessary  (in  this  plan)  to  give  the  name  of  the 
Author,  in  connection  with  the  title,  although  it  be  but  a  repetition 
of  the  heading ;  for  the  heading  will  be  stereotyped  separate  from 
the  title,  and,  therefore,  the  title  should  contain  all  that  is  necessary 
to  indicate  its  proper  position,  in  the  alphabetical  order,  in  case  of 
displacement. 

REMARK  3.  Experience  shows  that  it  takes  less  time  to  transcribe 
titles  in  full,  than  to  abridge  them  with  any  tolerable  degree  of 
accuracy.  It  requires,  too,  less  learning  and  experience  in  the 
cataloguer.  That  a  catalogue  can  be  made  more  rapidly,  more 
economically,  and  more  satisfactorily  by  transcribing  the  titles 
faithfully  and  fully,  without  the  omission  of  a  single  letter  or  point, 
than  by  any  proper  plan  of  abridgment,  cannot  be  denied  by  any  one 
who  has  fairly  tried  the  experiment.*  If  the  catalogue  were  not  to 
be  printed,  this  rule  should  have  no  exception  whatever.  The 
printing,  however,  introduces  two  considerations  to  modify  the  rule, 
namely,  the  expense  of  printing,  and  the  bulk  of  the  catalogue.  The 
force  of  the  former  consideration  is  much  diminished  by  the  plan 
of  stereotyping  the  titles.  It  is  but  a  first  expense  that  we  have  to  meet, 
not  a  repetition  of  it.  Besides,  no  library  but  the  first  has  to  print 
all  its  titles.  The  saving,  even  to  the  second  library,  by  the  use  of 
those  already  stereotyped,  would  doubtless  far  more  than  counter 
balance  the  extra  expense  of  printing  long  titles.  The  bulk  of  the  cata 
logue  is  certainly  a  matter  of  considerable  importance,  though  of  less 
than  might,  at  first,  be  supposed.  It  does  not  make  much  difference, 
in  convenience  of  use,  whether  such  a  work  as  an  Encyclopaedia  be 
in  a  hundred  volumes  or  in  ten,  though  it  is,  of  course,  more  conve 
nient  to  refer  to  one  volume  than  to  ten.  The  proposed  general  cata 
logue  would  doubtless  exceed  one  volume,  even  with  short  titles.  But 
convenience  should  not  be  allowed  to  have  more  influence  than  the 
demands  of  learned  investigators.  The  bulk  of  catalogues  should 
not  be  considered  in  opposition  to  their  accuracy,  and  to  such  a  degree 

*A  very  complete  discussion  of  the  comparative  advantages  of  long  and 
short  titles  is  contained  in  the  Report  of  the  Commissioners  on  the  British 
Museum,  with  Minutes  of  Evidence,  1850,  particularly  in  Mr.  Panizzi's  Letter 
to  the  Earl  of  Ellesmere,  in  Appendix  No.  12. 


RULES.  31 

of  fulness  of  title,  as  may  be  necessary  to  identify  the  book,  and  to 
give  all  such  particulars  of  information,  as  may  justly  be  expected 
from  a  titular  description. 

REMARK  4.  It  is  deemed  unnecessary  to  prescribe  any  particu 
lar  form  of  card  or  paper  for  use  in  copying  the  titles.  If  they  are 
to  be  printed  at  once,  it  will  be  found  most  convenient  to  write  them 
en  one  side  only  of  common  foolscap  paper.  Cross  references  should 
immediately  follow  the  titles  to  which  they  belong.  If  cards  have 
already  been  adopted  in  the  library  to  be  catalogued,  their  form  need 
not  be  changed.  They  may  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  printer 
without  being  transcribed.  A  manuscript  catalogue  for  constant  use 
should  generally  be  upon  cards.  A  very  convenient  method  of  keep 
ing  themes  that  employed  by  Mr.  Folsom  in  the  Boston  Athenaeum. 
The  cards  are  long  and  narrow;  are  so  perforated  that  they  may  be 
strung  upon  cords,  which,  being  elastic,  allow  free  motion  without 
displacement ;  and  are  kept  in  cases,  made  to  resemble  folio  volumes, 
one  side  of  which  opens  like  the  cover  of  a  book. 

II.  The  Titles  are  to  be  transcribed  WITH  EXACTNESS. 

REMARK  1.  The  titles  are  not  to  le  translated  by  the  cataloguer. 
If,  however,  the  original  title,  being  in  a  language  which  does  not 
admit  of  being  represented  in  the  Roman  character,  be  accompanied 
by  a  translation  into  a  language  for  which  the  Roman  alphabet  may 
be  used,  the  latter  may  be  given  without  the  former;  this  peculiarity 
being  mentioned,  with  such  explanations  as  will  prevent  mistake 
as  to  the  language  in  which  the  book  is  printed.  If  the  book  be 
in  several  languages,  and  be  provided  with  title-pages  for  each,  or 
for  several,  the  cataloguer  may  give  the  preference  to  languages 
using  tbe  Roman  alphabet  in  the  following  order:  English,  Latin, 
French,  Italian,  Spanish,  German.  The  other  title-pages  should  how 
ever  be  mentioned. 

REMARK  2.  The  precise  phraseology,  however  quaint,  awkward, 
or  ungrammatical,  must  be  scrupulously  followed.  When  striking 
faults  or  errors  occur,  the  cataloguer  should  write  [sic],  after  each  of 
them,  to  denote  that  the  title  has  been  faithfully  copied,  and  that, 
the  error  is  not  attributable  to  his  carelessness. 


32  RULES. 

REMARK  3.  The  exact  mode  of  spelling,  however  inaccurate  or 
antiquated,  must  be  conscientiously  copied.  When  abbreviations 
appear  upon  the  title-page,  they  should,  in  transcribing,  be  copied 
accurately.  They  should  also,  if  possible,  be  printed.  These  are  most 
frequent  in  early  printed  Latin  and  Greek  books.  If  types  cannot  be 
had  for  printing  these  abbreviations,  the  word  should  be  given  in  full; 
the  added  letters  being  italics. 

REMARK  4.  The  punctuation  of  the  title-page  should  also  be  re 
tained.  Sometimes,  in  the  titles  of  modern  books,  no  pointing  is  used ; 
in  such  cases,  none  should  be  introduced.  Wide  spaces  may  be  used 
instead, 

REMARK  5.  The  accentuation  of  the  original  should  be  preserved. 
Tn  French  books,  however,  it  often  happens  that  parts  of  »the  title- 
page  are  printed  in  capitals  without  accents,  and  other  parts  in 
"lower-case"  letters  with  accents.  This  is  attributable  to  the  general 
want  of  accents  upon  what  are  called  "  title  -letters."  To  avoid  the 
striking  incongruity  which  would  be  occasioned  by  printing  one  part 
with,  and  another  without  accents,  when  the  same  letter  is  used 
throughout  the  title,  it  will  be  proper  to  add  the  accents,  where  they 
are  omitted  in  the  titles  of  foreign  books;  but  not  to  omit  or  alter  any 
which  occur. 

REMARK  6.  When  possible,  the  form  of  letter  (as  Black  Letter, 
Italic,  Greek,  Hebrew,  &c.),  is  to  be  preserved.  When  Black  Letter, 
Italic,  or  any  peculiar  letter  or  cut  of  type  is  used,  in  the  title, 
merely  as  a  typographical  embellishment,  it  is  not  to  be  copied;  but 
only  when  the  whole  book  is  printed  in  it.  This  rule  has  no  lim 
itation,  except  the  knowledge  of  the  cataloguer,  and  the  means  of  the 
printing  office.  With  reference  to  those  languages  in  which  is  em 
bodied  the  great  mass  of  literature,  there  will  be  little  difficulty 
in  finding  men  to  copy  the  titles  with  accuracy;  and  the  printing 
office  should  contain  varieties  of  type,  Roman,  Black  Letter,  German, 
Greek,  Hebrew,  and,  in  time,  fonts  of  other  alphabets. 

Books  in  languages  which  cannot,  at  first,  be  correctly  printed  or 
written,  should  be  reported  from  each  library,  as  accurately  and  fully 
as  possible.  An  arrangement  may  hereafter  be  made  to  employ  com 
petent  persons  to  catalogue  such  works,  and  means  may  be  procured 


RULES.  33 

for  printing  or  engraving  their  titles.  No  title,  however,  should  be 
stereotyped  for  the  General  Catalogue,  till  its  accuracy  and  conformity 
to  the  rules  are  fully  ascertained. 

HEM  ARK  7.  This  principle  does  not  apply  to  the  use  of  capitals 
vi'  xmiiU  letters.  Most  title -pages  are  printed  wholly  in  large  letters; 
some  are  partly  in  large  and  partly  in  small  letters.  For  the  cata 
logue,  they  are  to  be  written  and  printed  in  small  letters. 

REMARK  8.  Initial  capitals  are  to  be  used  only  when  the  laws  of 
the  language  now  require  them.  In  English,  the  first  word  cf  every 
sentence,  proper  names,  adjectives  derived  from  proper  names, 
names  of  the  Deity,  the  first  word  of  the  title  of  a  book  quoted  within 
another  title,  and  titles!  of  respect  or  office,  such  as  Hon.,  Mr.,  Dr., 
Capt.,  Rev.,  (whether  contracted  or  not,)  prefixed  to  a  name,  should 
be  written  and  printed  with  initial  capitals.  In  German  and  Danish, 
every  noun  begins  with  a  capital.  In  French,  Spanish,  Italian  and 
Portuguese,  adjectives  derived  from  proper  names,  are  not,  as  in 
English,  generally  printed  with  initial  capitals.  In  Latin,  the  English 
usage  in  this  particular  should  be  followed.  It  would  doubtless  be 
more  satisfactory  to  make  the  titles,  as  printed  in  the  catalogue, 
perfect  transcripts  of  the  title-pages,  in  respect  to  the  use  of  initial 
capitals;  but  this  is  hardly  practicable.  The  use  of  both  upper 
case  and  lower-case  letters  in  a  title-page,  is  for  the  most  part  a 
matter  of  the  printer's  taste,  and  does  not  generally  indicate  the 
author's  purpose.  To  copy  them  in  a  catalogue  with  literal  ex 
actness  would  be  exceedingly  difficult,  and  of  no  practical  benefit. 
In  those  parts  of  the  title-page  which  are  printed  wholly  in  capi 
tals,  initials  are  undistinguished.  It  would  be  unsightly  and  un- 
undesirable  to  distinguish  the  initials  where  the  printer  had  done 
so,  and  omit  them  where  he  had  used  a  form  of  letter,  which  pro 
hibited  his  distinguishing  them.  It  would  teach  nothing  to  copy 
from  the  book  the  initial  capitals  in  one  part  of  the  title,  and  allow 
the  cataloguer  to  supply  them  in  other  parts.  The  only  practi 
cable  method  of  securing  uniformity  or  convenience  would  seem 
to  be,  to  require,  as  is  done  above,  the  cataloguer  to  employ  initial 
.capitals  according  to  established  laws,  regardless  of  the  title-page. 

There  are  certain  features  of  title-pages  which  it  is  wholly  iinprac- 


34  RULES. 

ticable  to  transfer  to  a  catalogue.  For  example,  they  generally  are 
(as  they  always  should  be)  inscriptions,  and  as  such  are  meant  to 
have  a  certain  local  disposition  of  parts  which  serves  to  interpret 
them,  by  showing  at  a  glance  their  relations  to  each  other.  A  title 
in  a  catalogue  cannot  be  expected  to  retain  this  important  feature  of 
an  inscription. 

III.  The  whole  Title  is  to  be  repeated  for  every  dis 
tinct  edition  of  the  work;  and  the  number  of  the 
edition,  if  not  the  first,  is  to  be  always  given. 

REMARK  1.  The  necessity  of  this  rule  arises  from  the  stereotyp 
ing  of  the  titles  separately.  It  is  frequently  the  case,  that  publishers, 
after  having  stereotyped  a  book,  call  every  thousand  copies  of  it  a 
separate  edition,  and,  for  twenty  or  more  editions,  there  may  be  no 
alteration  in  the  book,  except  in  the  word  expressing  the  number  of 
the  edition,  and  in  the  date.  In  such  cases,  it  cannot  be  necessary 
to  print  a  separate  title  for  each  pretended  edition.  If  there  be  any 
important  alteration  of  the  book,  it  should  be  designated  as  a  distinct 
edition.  This  irregularity  is  found  mostly,  if  not  exclusively,  in 
American  books,  and  occurs  principally  in  school-books. 

It  is  easy  to  see  how  this  artifice  of  bibliopoles  would  occasion 
great  trouble  to  cataloguers,  if  it  were  common.  Some  publishers 
have  introduced  the  terms  " second  thousand,"  "tenth  thousand/' 
&c.,  instead  of  "second  edition,"  "tenth  edition."  This  is  more 
honest,  and  for  our  purposes  more  convenient.  But  it  is  not  neces 
sary  to  introduce  these  chiliads  into  the  catalogue. 

Minor  changes  are  sometimes  made  in  the  stereotype  plates,  after 
a  part  of  the  copies  have  been  printed;  that  is,  some  error  may  be 
discovered  and  corrected,  or  some  word  substituted  for  another. 
But  such  changes  are  generally  slight  and  unimportant.  They  can 
only  be  detected  by  comparing  one  copy  of  a  book  with  another,  and, 
when  known,  are  seldom  worthy  of  notice. 

Sometimes,  the  title  of  a  book  is  the  same  in  two  editions,  while 
the  body  of  the  work  is  more  or  less  altered.  Sometimes,  also,  the 
title  is  changed  while  the  book  rewo'n8  entirely  unaltered.  Suck 


RULES.  35 

instances  are,  however,  of  comparatively  rare  occurrence.  They  are, 
or  should  be,  noted  in  bibliographical  dictionaries.  It  is  not  often 
the  case,  that  the  two  editions  are  to  be  found  in  one  library;  conse 
quently,  an  account  of  such  variations  cannot  be  expected  from  the 
cataloguer.  But,  if  such  facts  become  known  to  him,  they  should 
be  carefully  noted. 

The  increase  of  the  bulk  of  the  catalogue,  which  this  rule  will 
occasion,  may  appear,  at  first  sight,  to  be  a  grave  difficulty.  It 
should  be  considered,  however,  that  the  number  of  books,  which 
reach  a  second  edition,  is  comparatively  small;  and,  that,  although 
there  may  be  a  hundred  editions  of  a  book,  those  only  will  have 
their  titles  repeated,  which  belong  to  the  library  to  be  cata 
logued.  The  increase  in  bulk  will  be  much  less  considerable  than 
might  be  apprehended,  and  it  will  be  more  than  compensated 
for,  by  the  greater  exactness  of  the  descriptions.  Any  one,  who 
has  had  much  experience  in  examining  catalogues,  must  have  been 
frequently  puzzled  to  ascertain  the  exact  character  of  several  editions 
of  a  book,  where  the  only  description  of  any  edition  after  the  first, 
is  "The  same,"  or  "Ditto"  with  a  different  date.  We  may  wish 
to  know  whether  the  titles  are  identical.  In  the  title  of  a  later 
edition,  some  particular  may  have  been  given,  which  to  us  is  very 
important,  but  which  the  cataloguer  has  omitted.  To  bibliographers, 
and  men  of  habits  of  careful  investigation,  different  editions  are 
different  books,  and  they  should  be  always  described,  in  catalogues, 
as  particularly  as  if  they  were  independent  works. 

IV.  Early  printed  books,  without  title-pages,  are  to  be 
catalogued  in  the  words  of  the  head-title,  preceded 
by  the  word  [Beginmng],  in  italics  and  between 
brackets;  to  which  are  to  be  added  the  words  of 
the  colophon,  preceded  by  the  word  [Ending],  in 
italics  and  between  brackets. 

If  there  be  neither  head-title  nor  colophon,  such 
a  description  of  the  work  should  be  given,  in  English, 
and  between  brackets,  as  may  serve  for  its  identifi 
cation. 


36  RULES. 

REMARK  1.  Books  printed  before  the  adoption  of  separate  title- 
pages  are  comparatively  few.  Most  of  them  have  been  described 
with  great  minuteness  by  bibliographers,  particularly  by  Maittaire, 
Penis,  Panzer,  and  Hain.  It  will  be  best,  in  all  cases,  to  refer  to 
their  works  in  cataloguing  such  books. 

These  books  generally  have  at  the  beginning  a  head-title,  which 
contains  a  sufficient  description  of  the  book,  while  in  the  colophon 
the  place  of  publication,  name  of  the  printer,  date,  &c.,  are  given; 
but  sometimes  the  book  begins  with  a  table,  or  dedication,  or  regis 
ter,  and  has  no  colophon.  In  such  cases,  not  unfrequently,  there  is 
a  title  at  the  end  of  the  table,  or  in  the  dedication.  In  short,  so 
great  is  the  variety  of  cases,  that  it  would  be  extremely  difficult,  if 
not  impossible,  to  give  rules  applicable  to  them  all.  The  rule  given 
above  will,  it  is  thought,  be  found  sufficiently  comprehensive. 

Y.  In  cataloguing  Academical  Dissertations,  Orations, 
&c.,  the  subject-matter  is  to  be  given  as  the  title. 
If  that  be  not  expressed  upon  the  title-page,  it  is  to 
be  supplied  within  brackets,  if  possible  in  the  words 
of  the  author,  otherwise  in  English  and  in  italics. 
The  contracted  words  [Diss.  AcJ]  when  necessary  to 
indicate  the  character  of  the  publication,  should  be 
prefixed.  The  occasion  may  generally  be  omitted, 
except  when  the  subject  of  the  dissertation  or  ora 
tion  has  some  special  reference  to  it. 

VI.  In  cataloguing  Sermons,  the  book,  chapter  and 
verse  of  the  text;  the  date,  if  it  differs  from  thai,  of 
publication;  and  the  occasion,  if  a  special  one,  are 
to  be  given.     When  these  are  not  upon  the  title- 
page,  they  are  to  be  supplied  between  brackets,  and 
in  italics. 

VII.  Periodical  publications  are  to  be  recorded  in  the 


RULES.  37 

words  of  the  title-page  of  the  last  complete  volume ; 
but  without  designation  of  volume  or  date. 

The  history  of  the  publication  from  its  commence 
ment,  including  all  changes  of  form,  title,  editorship, 
&c.,  is  to  be  given  in  a  note. 

REMARK  1.  This  rule  applies  to  Reviews,  Magazines,  &c. ;  not  to 
works  issued  in  parts,  sometimes  called  "  serials,"  nor  to  transactions 
of  learned  societies. 

REMARK  2.  The  last  title  is  preferred  for  the  catalogue,  because 
it  is  that  by  which  the  work  is  currently  known,  and  because  of  the 
peculiar  difficulty  of  finding  complete  sets  of  these  publications.  If 
the  title  be  changed,  it  will  become  necessary  to  prepare  a  new  one 
for  the  catalogue,  and  to  make  an  addition  to  the  note. 

VIII.  After  the  words  of  the  title,  the  number  of 
parts,  volumes,  fasciculi,  or  whatever  may  be  the 
peculiar  divisions  of  each  work,  is  to  be  specified. 

When  nothing  is  said,  in  the  title,  respecting  this 
point,  if  the  work  be  divided  into  several  por 
tions,  but  the  same  paging  continue,  or,  when  the 
pages  are  not  numbered,  if  the  same  register  con 
tinue,  the  work  is  to  be  considered  as  divided  into 
parts  (not  volumes) .  If  the  progressive  number  of 
the  pages,  or  the  register  be  interrupted,  then  each 
series  of  pages,  or  of  letters  of  the  register,  is  to  be 
designated  as  a  volume. 

REMARK  1.  In  designating  volumes  when  the  number  is  not  stated 
upon  the  title-page,  the  words  Volume,  Tome,  Theil,  Band,  Deel, 
&c.,  may  generally  be  represented  by  the  initials  alone.  The  num 
bers  may  be  always  expressed  by  Arabic  figures.  If  the  ordinal  ex 
pression  of  number  be  used  on  the  title-page,  the  figures  may  be 
given,  and  the  ordinal  termination  omitted.  The  numbers  of  the  first 
7 


38  RULES. 

• 

and  of  the  last  volume  only  are  to  be  given,  with  a  dash  between 
them,  thus: 

y.  1  —  8.  for  Volume  1 — Volume  8,  i.e.  Volume  first — Vol 
ume  eighth,  or  First  Volume — Eighth  Volume. 

B.  2 — 22.     "    Zweiter  Band — Zwei  und  zwanzigster  Band. 

T.   1 — 4.       "    Tomo  1 — Tomo4. 

Th.  1— 6.      "    Theil  1— Theil  6. 

REMARK  2.  When  there  is  a  discrepancy  between  the  number 
of  divisions  of  a  work  indicated  on  the  title-page,  and  the  actual 
number  of  volumes,  as  defined  above,  (that  is,  of  divisions  with 
separate  pagings),  the  number  of  payings  should  be  stated;  —  each 
paging  being  considered  a  distinct  volume.  The  paging  of  the  preface 
and  introductory  matter  is  to  be  excepted.  Appendixes,  when  sepa 
rately  paged,  should  be  specially  noticed  in  the  title,  though  not 
reckoned  as  separate  volumes. 

IX. '  Next  should  follow  the  designation  of  the  PLACE 
and  DATE  of  publication.  The  name  of  the  place 
should  be  given  in  the  form  and  language  of  the 
title-page.  If,  in  that,  it  be  abbreviated,  the  full 
name  should  be  supplied,  but  not  translated;  the 
added  parts  being  between  brackets. 

Should  either  of  these  particulars  be  omitted  in 
the  title-page,  the  deficiency  should  be  supplied  from 
the  knowledge  of  the  librarian,  or  be  noticed,  in  ital 
ics  and  between  brackets. 

REMARK  1.  It  would  on  many  accounts  be  desirable  to  give  the 
name  of  the  publisher,  but,  as  it  would  add  very  much  to  the  labor  of 
preparation,  and  considerably  increase  the  size  of  the  catalogue,  it 
is  thought  best  not  to  do  so. 

REMARK  2.  In  the  case  of  early  printed  books,  and  typographical 
rarities,  or  where  several  editions  of  the  same  book  are  known  to 
have  been  published  in  the  same  year  and  place,  by  different  pub 
lishers,  the  name  of  the  publisher  should  be  specified. 


RULES.  39 

REMARK  3.  The  date  is  to  be  given  in  Arabic  figures,  unless 
numerals  be  used  in  the  title-page,  in  such  a  manner  as  to  be  on  some 
accounts  distinctive. 

X.  Next  after  the  imprint  should  follow  the  designa 
tion  of  SIZE. 

In  accordance  with  general  usage,  the  fold  of  the 
sheet,  as  folio,  quarto,  octavo,  when  it  can  be  ascer 
tained,  is  to  be  stated.  As  an  additional,  and  more 
exact  designation  of  size,  the  Height  and  Breadth  of 
the  first  full  signature  page  (the  folio  and  signature 
lines  being  omitted  in  the  measurement)  are  to  be 
stated  in  inches  and  tenths,  the  fractions  being  ex 
pressed  decimally. 

EXPLANATION  1.  The  librarian  should  use  a  small  square  or  rule, 
marked  with  inches  and  tenths.     The   first   number  given  should 
represent  the  height,  and  the  second,  the  breadth  of  the  page.   In  the 
catalogue,  the  measurement  would  be  recorded  thus :  — 
8°  (7.3X4.2) 

that  is,  fold  of  sheet,  8vo;  measuring,  7  inches  and  3  tenths  in 
height,  by  4  inches  and  2  tenths  in  breadth. 

EXPLANATION  2.  When  the  first  signature  page  is  not  a  full  page, 
or  when  it  has  foot  notes,  turn  to  the  first  succeeding  signature  page 
which  is  full  and  without  notes. 

EXPLANATION  3.  When  there  are  no  signatures,  measure  the  first 
full  recto  page.  If  the  other  pages  vary  much  from  the  standard 
page,  add  irr.  for  irregular. 

EXPLANATION  4.  Marginal  rules  and  side  marginal  references  and 
notes  are  not  to  be  regarded  in  the  measurement;  some  editions  may 
be  printed  with  and  some  without  them.  But  such  marginal  references 
should  be  mentioned. 

EXPLANATION  5.  Catch-words  generally  stand  upon  the  signa 
ture  line,  and  are  therefore  not  to  be  counted.  The  measurement  of 
height  should,  however,  comprise  all  printed  matter  below  tho  f^;'« 


40 


RULES. 


line,  and  above  the  signature  line.  By  folio  line  is  meant  that  upon 
which  stands  the  number  of  the  page. 

REMARKS.  The  designation  of  the  form  is  added  to  the  titles  of  books 
in  catalogues  for  two  purposes :  to  enable  one  to  distinguish  between 
different  editions  of  the  same  book,  and  to  convey  to  those  who  have 
not  seen  the  book,  some  idea  of  its  size. 

The  fold  of  the  paper  has  been  universally  adopted,  as  the  mea 
sure  of  size.  A  sheet  once  folded,  forming  two  leaves,  or  four 
pages,  is  a  folio.  A  sheet  twice  folded,  forming  four  leaves  or  eight 
pages,  is  a  quarto.  A  sheet  three  times  folded,  forming  eight  leaves, 
or  sixteen  pages,  is  an  octavo.  A  sheet  so  folded  as  to  form  twelve 
leaves,  or  twenty-four  pages,  is  a  duodecimo.  And  so  on. 

But  this  method  of  designating  the  size  of  a  book  is  inexact  and 
frequently  deceptive;  because,  1st,  it  is  not  always  possible  to  ascer 
tain  the  fold;  and,  2dly,  the  fold,  when  ascertained,  gives  no  definite 
indication  of  the  size  or  shape  of  the  book. 

In  many  books  one  can  tell,  at  a  glance,  the  fold  of  the  sheet ; 
but  it  is  unsafe  to  rely  upon  this  first  impression.  Examination 
of  signatures  is  indispensable.  Sometimes,  it  is  necessary  to  examine 
also  the  water-lines  and  water-marks.  Occasionally,  all  these  will 
fail  us. 

Signatures  are  letters  of  figures  placed  at  the  bottom  of  the 
first  page  of  each  sheet,  as  guides  to  the  binder,  to  denote  the  order 
of  the  sheets.  The  signatures  of  the  different  forms  from  folio  to 
32mo,  would  regularly  be  placed  as  follows : 


Folio,  sheet, 

on  pages  1,        5, 

9, 

13, 

17, 

21, 

&c. 

Quarto 

a 

> 

ii 

tt 

,       9, 

17, 

25, 

33, 

41, 

&c. 

Octavo 

« 
j 

it 

tt 

,     17, 

33, 

49, 

65, 

81, 

&c. 

8vo,  i 

sheet, 

a 

tt 

,       9, 

17, 

25, 

33, 

41, 

&c. 

12mo, 

sheet, 

it 

tt 

,     25, 

49, 

73, 

97, 

121, 

&c. 

12mo, 

2  sheet, 

it 

tt 

,      13, 

25, 

37, 

49, 

61, 

&c. 

16mo, 

sheet, 

tt 

tt 

,      33, 

65, 

97, 

129, 

161, 

&0. 

16mo, 

J  sheet, 

it 

tt 

,      17, 

33, 

49, 

65, 

81, 

&c. 

18mo, 

sheet, 

tt 

"    1,     37, 

73, 

109, 

145, 

181, 

&c. 

18mo, 

i  sheet, 

n 

"    1,      19, 

37, 

55, 

73, 

91, 

Ac. 

24mo, 

sheet, 

tt 

"    1,     49, 

97, 

145, 

193, 

241, 

&c. 

RULES.  41 

24mo,  J  sheet,      "       "     1,      25,      49,      73,      97,    121,  &o. 

32mo,  sheet,         "       *    1,      65,    129,    193,    257,    321,  &c. 

32mo,  *  sheet,     "       "1,      33,      65,      97,    129,    161,  &c. 

But  sometimes  the  paging  of  the  book  begins  in  the  midst  of  a  sig 
nature;  in  such  cases  the  signatures  would  fall  on  pages  different 
from  the  above,  throughout  the  book,  though  the  intervals  would  be 
regular.  Double  signatures  are  sometimes  placed  upon  stereotype 
plates,  to  enable  printers  to  impose  them  either  as  octavos  or  duo 
decimos. 

Besides  the  principal  signatures,  there  are  subordinate  signatures, 
which,  as  they  do  not  help  to  distinguish  the  size  of  the  book,  but 
are  only  used  to  aid  the  binder,  are  omitted  in  the  above  table. 

It  will  be  seen  from  this  table,  that  the  signatures  are  precisely 
the  same  for  8vos,  in  half  sheets,  as  for  4tos;  for  16mos,  in  half 
sheets,  as  for  8vos;  for  24mos,  in  half  sheets,  as  for  12mos;  for 
32mos,  in  half  sheets,  as  for  16mos. 

Printers  impose  in  half  sheets  or  sheets,  according  to  their  con 
venience.  Of  course,  therefore,  from  the  signatures  alone,  it  is 
impossible  to  distinguish  between  4tos  and  8vos,  8vos  and  16mos, 
12mos  and  24mos,  16mos  and  32mos.  It  is  generally  easy  to 
determine  the  fold  by  the  size  and  shape  of  the  book,  but  (as  we 
shall  show  hereafter)  not  always. 

Signatures  do  not  occur  in  the  earliest  printed  books ;  but  as  this 
class  of  books  is  small,  and  very  particularly  described  by  Panzer, 
Ham,  and  others,  there  is  but  little  difficulty  in  ascertaining  the 
precise  description  of  them. 

Books  may  be  quired  in  printing,  that  is,  several  sheets  may  be 
put  together,  like  the  sheets  in  a  quire  of  paper.  In  this  case  the 
principal  signature  is  the  same  as  if  the  whole  formed  only  one 
sheet.  A  folio  may  thus  be  undistinguishable  from  an  8vo,  by  the 
signatures  alone. 

When  signatures  fail  us,  resort  may  sometimes  be  had  to  the 
water  lines,  which,  by  holding  the  paper  up  to  the  light,  may  be 
seen  crossing  the  sheet  perpendicularly,  in  the  folio,  8vo,  18mo, 
24mo,  and  32mo;  and  horizontally,  in  all  the  other  forms  less  than 
32mo;  sometimes,  also,  in  the  24mo.  The  water-mark  is  a  device 


42  RULES. 

of  the  manufacturer;  placed  in  the  middle  of  the  half  sheet,  and  dis 
tinguishable  in  the  same  way  as  the  water-line.  In  the  folio,  this 
occurs  in  the  middle  of  the  page ;  in  the  quarto,  in  the  back  or  fold 
•of  the  book;  in  the  8vo,  at  the  upper  and  inner  corner.  At  the 
present  day,  however,  printing  paper  is  seldom  made  with  water-lines 
or  water-marks. 

In  examining  a  book,  all  these  means  of  determining  its  fold  occa 
sionally  deceive  the  most  skilful  bibliographer.  If  sheets  of  paper 
had,  from  the  first,  been  always  made  of  the  same  size,  there  would 
be  comparatively  little  difficulty.  But  they  have  always  varied  so 
much,  that  a  very  small  8vo  is  often  in  no  way  distinguishable,  in 
dimensions,  from  a  large  16mo.  Many  other  sizes  also  are  liable  to 
be  confounded. 

The  following  measurements,  in  inches,  of  a  leaf  of  folio,  octavo, 
and  16mo,  of  foolscap,  medium,  and  imperial  paper,  will  show  how 
impossible  it  would  be,  from  the  size  of  the  book  to  determine  the 
fold  of  the  sheet,  e'ven  of  paper  of  what  are  called  the  regular  sizes, 
particularly  when  the  books  have  been  cut  down  in  binding : 

Folio,  Octavo,  16mo. 

Foolscap,        131X81,  6fx4*,  <HX3f, 

Medium,         ISiXlH,          9ix5f, 
Imperial,        21*Xl5,  HX7i, 

Since  the  introduction  of  machine  paper  and  large  presses,  paper 
is  made  of  almost  any  and  every  size  and  shape,  and  it  is  no  longer 
possible  to  distinguish,  with  accuracy,  the  different  folds.  Books, 
which,  judged  by  the  eye,  would  be  supposed  to  be  quartos,  are, 
in  reality,  duodecimos;  books  which  might  be  supposed  to  be 
octavos,  are  IGmos,  &c.  The  signatures,  as  we  have  seen,  will  not 
inform  us  whether  a  book  is  an  8vo,  or  a  IGmo  on  half  sheets. 
There  are  no  water-marks  to  help  us;  nor  is  it  possible  in  any  way 
to  tell. 

If  it  be  thus  difficult,  and  often  impossible,  to  ascertain  the  fold 
with  the  book  before  us,  of  what  use  can  it  be,  as  a  designation  of 
size,  to  those  who  have  only  the  description  ?  This  is  a  difficulty 
which  has  but  commenced.  It  is  becoming  more  serious  every  year. 
It  is  more  serious  in  America,  than  in  other  countries,  for  in  Europe, 
there  is  much  more  regularity  in  the  sizes  of  paper  than  here. 


RULES.  4& 

On  these  accounts,  it  has  been  thought  desirable,  if  not  indispens 
able,  to  introduce  some  new  method  of  designating  the  size  of  books. 
The  measurement  of  the  printed  page  has  seemed  the  readiest  and 
most  useful.  The  trouble  of  measuring  is  much  less  than  might, 
at  first  sight,  be  supposed,  and  the  time  occupied  by  it  is  hardly 
worthy  of  consideration. 

It  would  be,  for  all  purposes  of  bibliography,  better  to  make  this 
the  universal  method  of  designating  the  size  of  books.  It  would 
save  numberless  blunders  and  frequent  perplexity;  and,  upon  the 
whole,  would  take  less  of  the  librarian's  time,  than  the  ordinary  pro 
cess  of  ascertaining  the  fold,  provided  that  be  done  with  exactness. 

XI.  In  books  of  one  volume,  the  body  of  which  does 
not  contain  more  than  one  hundred  pages,  the  num 
ber  of  pages  is  to  be  specified.  In  applying  this 
rule,  copy  the  number  of  the  last  page  of  the  body 
of  the  book,  or  of  any  addition  paged  continuously 
with  it. 

REMARK  1.  The  value  of  catalogues  would,  doubtless,  be  enhanced 
by  giving  the  number  of  pages  in  every  volume,  after  the  manner  of 
Dryander  in  the  Catalogue  of  Sir  Joseph  Banks' s  library;  or  with 
even  greater  particularity,  thus :  pp.  a;cm'-}-345--j-XLV,  meaning  26 
pages  of  prefatory  matter,  345  pages  in  the  body  of  the  book,  and 
45  pages  of  appendix.  But  the  disproportionate  amount  of  additional 
labor,  as  well  as  of  increase  in  the  bulk  and  cost  of  catalogues,  which 
such  enumeration  and  notation  would  demand,  renders  it  necessary 
to  limit  the  object  of  this  rule,  which  is  to  show  whether  the  work 
described  be  merely  of  pamphlet  size. 

REMARK  2.  Prefatory  matter  is  not  to  be  included  in  the  enumer 
ation  of  pages.  But  if  it  be  something  more  than  a  preface  or  intro 
duction  by  the  author,  and  deemed  of  sufficient  importance  to  be 
added  to  the  title,  the  number  of  pages  of  such  prefatory  matter 
should  be  included  in  the  addition. 


44  RULES. 

XII.  All  additions  to  the  titles  are  to  be  printed  in 
italics,  and  between  brackets;  to  be  in  the  English 
language,  whatever  be. the  language  of  the  title;  to 
be  such  only  as  are  applicable  to  all  copies  of  the 
edition  described,  and  necessary  for  a  full  titular 
description  of  the  book. 

EXCEPTION.  When  parts  of  a  name  are  supplied  within  brackets, 
they  are  to  be  in  the  vernacular  of  the  author,  whatever  be  the  lan 
guage  of  the  title ;  and,  if  the  name  be  used  for  the  heading,  the  part 
supplied  in  the  title  is  to  correspond  in  typography  with  the  rest 
of  the  name ;  that  is,  to  be  printed  in  small  capitals. 

REMARK  1.  It  is  not  always  easy  to  say  what  additions  are  neces 
sary,  to  render  a  title  satisfactorily  descriptive.  A  title  is  often  a  mere 
name,  arbitrarily  chosen  by  the  author.  It  is  sometimes  allegorical, 
or  embodies,  in  a  pun,  or  conceit,  or  covert  allusion,  some  indication 
of  the  subject-matter  of  the  book.  In  such  cases,  it  was  not  de 
signed  to  be  descriptive  of  the  work,  and  could  not  be  made  so, 
without  destroying  its  character.  Explanations  of  such  titles  may 
be  thought  desirable;  but  if  so,  they  should  be  given  in  notes,  and 
separate  from  the  titles  themselves.  A  title  should  be  the  briefest 
possible  designation  of  the  contents  of  a  book.  It  should  cover 
everything  which  the  book  contains,  but  in  the  most  general  terms, 
without  minute  specifications.  Mindful  of  this  definition,  we  shall 
frequently  find  cases,  where  the  title,  intended  to  be  descriptive, 
fails  to  give  us  what  we  have  a  right  to  expect.  A  book  may  be 
in  a  different  language  from  the  title-page.  It  may  be  in  several 
languages,  while  the  title  indicates  but  one.  It  may  contain  an  im 
portant  Preface,  Introduction,  or  Biography  of  the  author,  by  another 
hand,  not  mentioned  in  the  title.  In  these,  and  in  many  other 
cases,  additions  to  the  titles  may  be  necessary. 

REMARK  2.  There  are  many  cases,  however,  where  it  seems 
desirable  to  give  further  information  concerning  a  work,  than  could 
be  given  within  the  title,  under  the  restrictions  of  the  preceding 
paragraph.  The  title  may  be  a  misnomer,  or  it  may  contain  allusions, 
which  it  is  desirable  to  explain.  The  book  may  be  a  rare  and  valu- 


RULES.  45 

able  one,  with  maps  and  illustrations,  the  number  and  description  of 
which  ought  to  be  given.  It  may  have  been  privately  printed,  or 
limited  to  a  small  number  of  copies,  or  prohibited,  or  condemned  to 
be  burnt.  The  edition  may  be  the  Editio  princeps,  or  a  fac-simile 
of  an  early  edition,  or  a  surreptitious  or  spurious  edition;  or  it  may 
be  identical,  except  in  the  title,  with  what  purports  to  be  another 
edition,  or  an  independent  work.  These  facts  belong,  more  properly, 
to  a  bibliographical  dictionary,  than  to  a  catalogue.  It  is  proper, 
however,  that  they  should  be  noted  by  cataloguers.  They  may,  also, 
be  printed,  at  the  discretion  of  the  superintendent,  but  generally,  in 
the  form  of  separate  notes,  rather  than  as  additions  to  the  titles. 

KEMARK  3.  Peculiarities  of  copies,  such  as  large  paper,  satin 
paper,  vellum;  also  notes,  autographs,  cancelled  leaves,  substituted 
leaves,  mutilations  and  alterations;  binding  in  a  different  number  of 
volumes  from  that  indicated  in  the  title,  or  ascertained  by  the  rule 
already  given,  &c.  &c., — these,  and  other  peculiarities  or  imperfec 
tions  of  copy,  relate  only  to  particular  copies,  and  therefore  should 
not  be  noticed  in  a  title  intended  to  apply  to  the  whole  edition. 
Every  cataloguer  should,  however,  note  every  such  thing,  after  the 
title.  The  note  may  be  printed  in  the  catalogue  of  the  library  con 
taining  the  book  described,  but  not,  usually,  in  the  title  for  the 
General  Catalogue. 


HEADINGS. 

XIII.  When  the  title  has  been  transcribed  in  accord 
ance  with  the  foregoing  rules,  the  heading  is  to  be 
written  above  it. 

This  heading  determines  the  place  of  the  title  in 
the  alphabetical  catalogue,  and  consists,  in  general, 
of  the  name  of  the  author  in  its  vernacular  form, 
8 


46  RULES. 

when  the  same  can  be  represented  by  the  letters 
of  the  English  alphabet. 

When  the  word  cannot  be  exactly  represented  by 
English  letters,  the  form  used  by  the  best  English 
authorities  is  to  be  adopted. 

The  surname  is  to  be  printed  in  capitals.  Chris 
tian  or  first  names  are  to  follow,  if  possible  in  full, 
printed  in  small  capitals,  and  within  parentheses. 

XIV.  When  a  name  is  variously  spelled,   the   best 
authorized   orthography  is  to   be  selected   for  the 
heading,    and   such   other   modes   of    spelling  the 
name,  as  are  likely  to  occasion  difficulty,  are  to  be 
added,  within  brackets. 

Cross  references  are  to  be  made  from  all  other 
forms  of  the  name,  which  occur  in  the  catalogue,  to 
the  form  preferred. 

XV.  The  following  rules  are  to  be  observed  in  cata 
loguing  names  with  prefixes : 

(1.)  If  the  name  has  become  an  English  surname, 
it  is  to  be  recorded  under  the  prefix,  which  is  to  be 
accounted  as  a  part  of  the  name. 

Thus:  DJ  Israeli,  De  Morgan,  Dela  Beche,  Du  Ponceau  are  to 
be  placed  under  D;  Van  Buren  under  V. 

In  such  cases,  cross-references  are  to  be  made  from  the  principal 
name. 

Names  beginning  with  Mac,  0',  Ap,  and  Fitz,  are  to  be  recorded 
under  those  syllables. 

Me,  and  M',  abbreviated  forms  of  Mac,  are  to  be  considered  the 
same  as  if  written  in  full. 


RULES.  47 

(2.)  French  surnames  preceded  by  the  preposition 
de  are  to  be  catalogued  under  the  name  itself,  and 
not  under  the  prefix. 

Thus:  Florlan  (Jean  Pierre  Claris  de)  is  to  be  placed  under  F, 
not  under  D ;  Alembert  (Jean  le  Rond  d')  under  A,  not  under  D. 

In  this  respect,  usage  is  by  no  means  uniform  among  French 
authors.  Thus,  Brunet  places  £* Alembert  under  D,  while  Que"rard, 
the  Editors  of  the  "Biographic  Universelle,"  etc.,  place  the  same 
name  under  A.  But  consistency  is  of  the  first  importance,  and  it 
is  decidedly  best  to  make  this  rule  positive,  and  without  exceptions. 

(3.)  French  surnames  preceded  by  De  la,  are  to 
be  recorded  under  the  article. 

Thus :  La  Perouse  (Jean  Francois  Galaup  de),  not  De  la  Perouse, 
nor  Perouse;  La  Harpe  (Jean  Francois  de),  not  De  la  Harpe,  nor 
Harpe. 

It  is  better  to  make  this  the  invariable  rule,  although  uniformity 
will  not  be  found  among  French  writers,  in  this  particular,  nor 
scarcely  consistency  in  any  one  writer. 

(4.)  French  names  preceded  by  Du  or  Des  are 
to  be  recorded  under  these  prefixes. 

Thus :  Du  Halde,  under  D}  not  under  H;  Des  Cartes,  under  D, 
not  under  C. 

(5.)  French  names,  preceded  by  the  article  Le, 
La,  L,  are  to  be  recorded  under  L. 

Thus:  Le  Long  (Jacques),  not  Long  (Jacques  le);  L'Heritier 
(Marie  Jeanne),  not  Heritier  (Marie  Jeanne  ?). 

(6.)  Names  with  similar  prefixes  in  other  lan 
guages,  are,  in  all  cases,  to  be  recorded  under  the 
word  following  the  prefix,  with  cross-references. 


48  RULES. 

Thus :  Delle  Voile,  under  V;  Delia  Santa,  under  S;  Da  Cunha 
under  C.  So  Buck  (Leopold  von);  Recke  (Elisa  von  der);  Dyck 
(Anton  Van)  ;  Praet  (Joseph  Basile  Bernard  Van)  ;  Hooght  (Ever- 
ard  van  der)  ;  Ess  (Leander  van). 

XVI.  Compound  surnames,  except  Dutch  and  English, 
are  to  be  entered  under  the  initial  of  the  first  name. 
In  Dutch  and  in  English  compound  names,  the  last 
name  is  to  be  preferred. 

Thus,  in  French,  such  names  as  Etienne  Geoffroy-Sainl-Hilaire, 
Isidore  Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire,  should  be  written  Geoffroy-Saint- 
Hilaire  (Etienne~),  Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire  (Isidore).  So  in  Spanish, 
Calderon  de  la  Barca,  and  Calderon  y  Belgrano,  should  both  be  en 
tered  under  C.  But  Francois  de  Salignac  de  Lamotte  Fenelon,  is 
universally  placed  under  Fenelon,  even  by  those  who  generally  adhere 
to  the  above  rule.  There  are  other  names,  which  must  be  considered 
exceptions,  respecting  which  it  seems  impossible  to  give  any  invari 
able  rule,  but  all  difficulty  must  be  removed  by  cross-references. 

XVII.  Works  of  an  author  who  may  have  changed  his 
name,  or   added  others  to   it,   are  to  be  recorded 
under  the  last  name,  (if  used  in  any  of  his  publica 
tions,)  with  cross-references  from  the  other  names. 
Names  that  may  have  been  altered  by  being  used 
in  different  languages,  are  to  be  entered  under  their 
original  vernacular  form.      But  if  an  author  has 
never  used  the  vernacular  form  of  his  name  in  his 
publications,   his  works  are  to  be  recorded   under 
such  other  form  as  he  may  have  employed. 

REMARK  1.  Thus,  Alexander  8 'Udell  MacJcenzie  should  be  placed 
under  Mackenzie,  with  a  cross-reference  from  Slidell.  His  family 
name  was  Slidell,  but  after  becoming  known  as  a  writer,  he  assumed 
the  name  Mackenzie. 


RULES.  49 

Francoix  Marie  Aroiu-t  <lr.  Voltaire,  under  Voltaire;  because 
Voltaire  is  a  name  assumed  as  a  surname.  It  is  not  a  title,  nor 
commonly  considered  part  of  a  compound  surname. 

Jean  Baptiste  Poguelin  Moliere,  under  Moliere.  His  father's  name 
was  Poquelin,  but  he  added,  himself,  the  name  Moliere,  as  Arouct 
did  that  of  Voltaire. 

The  family  name  of  an  individual  is  to  be  considered  that  which 
he  has,  or  adopts,  for  himself  and  his  descendants,  rather  than  that 
which  he  received  from  his  ancestors, — his  family  name,  not  his 
father's.  Now  if  a  man's  name  have  been  changed,  by  his  own  act, 
the  name  assumed  is  supposed  to  be  that  by  which  he  wishes  to 
be  known  to  his  contemporaries,  and  which  he  wishes  to  transmit 
to  posterity.  A  married  woman  generally  drops  her  maiden  name, 
and  assumes  that  of  her  husband.  By  this,  therefore,  she  should 
ever  after  be  known.  If  she  published  books  under  her  maiden 
name,  and  afterwards  under  her  married  name,  they  should  all  be 
recorded  under  her  married  name,  with  a  cross-reference  from  the 
former.  It  may  be  that  she  published  only  under  her  maiden 
name;  in  this  case,  her  works  should  be  entered  under  that  name, 
followed  by  her  married  name,  included  within  parentheses. 

REMARK  2.  Such  changes  as  are  referred  to  under  this  rule  may 
generally  be  indicated  by  the  mode  of  printing,  thus : 

MACKENZIE  (ALEXANDER  SLIDELL). 

VOLTAIRE  (FRANCOIS  MARIE  AROUET  DE). 

DACIER  (Mad.  ANNE  LEFEVRE). 

XVIII.  The  following  classes  of  persons  are  to  be  enter 
ed  under  their  first  names,  or  their  Christian  names : 

(1.)  Sovereigns,  and  Princes  of  sovereign  houses. 

(2.)  Jewish  Rabbis,  and  Oriental  writers  in  general. 

(3.)  Persons  canonized.  The  family  name,  when 
known,  is  to  be  added  within  brackets. 

(4.)  Friars,  who,  by  the  constitution  of  their  order, 
drop  their  surnames.  But  the  family  name,  when 
known,  should  be  added  within  brackets. 


50  RULES. 

(5.)  All  other  persons  known  only  by  their  first 
names,  to  which,  for  the  sake  of  distinction,  they  add 
those  of  their  native  places,  profession,  rank,  &c.,  as, 
Adamus  Bremensis,  or  Adam  of  Bremen. 

A  cross-reference  should  be  made  from  any  other 
name  by  which  the  author  may  be  known,  to  that 
used  as  the  heading. 

XIX.  Surnames  of  Noblemen  and   Dignitaries,  with 
the  exception  of  cases  coming  under  the  preceding 
rule,  are  to  be  ascertained,  when  not  expressed,  and 
to  be  used  for  the  heading,  although  the  person  may 
be  better  known  by  his  title,  than  by  his  name. 
But,  in  all  cases  where  doubt  would  be  likely  to 
arise,  cross-references  should  be  used. 

KEMARK.  Thus,  Home  (Henri/),  Lord  Kames.  There  should  be 
a  cross-reference;  thus,  Kames  (Lord).  See  Home  (Henry).  Stan 
hope  (Philip  Dormer'),  Earl  of  Chesterfield. 

This  last  is  one  of  the  cases  which  might  lead  us  to  doubt  the 
propriety  of  the  rule.  This  author  is  universally  known  as  Ches 
terfield,  not  as  Stanhope.  But  there  are  other  authors,  who  are  as 
well  known  by  their  family  names  as  by  their  titles;  while  the  greater 
portion  are  known  by  their  family  names,  much  better  than  by  their 
titles.  A  general  rule  is  absolutely  necessary,  and  this  is  thought 
to  be  the  best. 

XX.  If  it  appear  upon  the  title-page,  that  the  work 
is  the  joint  production  of  several  writers,  it  is  to  be 
entered  under  the  first  named,  with  c^oss-references 
from  the  names  of  the  others. 

XXI.  The  complete  works,  or  entire  treatises  of  several 
authors,  published  together  in  ane  series,  with  a  col- 


RULES.  51 

lective  title,  are  to  be  recorded  in  the  words  of  the 
general  title  of  the  series,  and  to  be  placed  under  the 
name  of  the  Editor,  if  known;  if  that  be  not  known, 
under  the  title  of  the  collection,  like  anonymous 
works.  If  any  work  in  the  collection  be  printed  with 
a  separate  title-page,  and  an  independent  paging,  it 
is  also  to  be  recorded  under  its  author's  name,  as 
a  distinct  work,  with  a  reference  to  the  volume  of 
the  collection  in  which  it  is  to  be  found. 

Cross-references  may  be  made  from  names  of 
authors,  when  they  appear  upon  the  title-page,  or 
when  their  works  were  first  published  in  the  collec 
tion. 

EXPLANATION  1.  The  principle  established  by  this  rule,  decides 
the  case,  common  among  German  books,  of  works  with  double  titles, 
one  general  and  the  other  special.  Such  a  work  must  be  entered 
twice,  once  under  the  general  title,  which  should  omit,  as  much  as 
possible,  what  is  contained  in  the  special;  and  once  under  the  special 
title,  which  should  refer  to  the  general,  stating  what  volume  of  the 
general  collection  this  particular  volume  forms. 

EXPLANATION  2.  This  rule  applies  to  periodical  publications, 
which  should  be  entered  under  the  name  of  the  Editor,  if  this  appears 
upon  the  title-page,  with  a  cross-reference  from  the  name  of  the  pub 
lication.  But  if  the  publication  be  issued  under  the  direction  of  an 
association,  it  comes  under  the  next  rule,  and  is  to  be  recorded  under 
the  name  of  the  association,  with  a  cross-reference  from  the  editor's 
name. 

REMARK.  The  catalogue,  thus  formed,  will  be  composed  of  works, 
having  each  a  distinct  title-page  and  an  independent  pagination. 
Doubtless,  greater  convenience  and  usefulness  might  be  attained  by 
adopting  a  more  comprehensive  plan;  —  one,  by  which  every  dis 
tinct  article  in  Transactions  of  Learned  Societies,  in  Magazines, 
Reviews,  and  similar  works,  where,  by  the  rule  of  the  publication, 


52  RULES. 

the  authors  of  the  treatises  are  named,  —  should  be  separately  en 
tered,  as  if  it  were  a  book.  Such  an  attempt  is,  however,  at  present, 
unadvisable.  Should  it,  hereafter,  be  thought  practicable  to  extend 
the  rule,  none  of  the  titles  which  have  been  prepared,  under  this 
rule,  will  be  superfluous,  and  none  will  have  to  be  altered.  It  is 
hoped,  that,  within  a  few  years,  such  progress  may  be  made  in  the 
General  Catalogue,  as  to  justify  the  attempt  at  greater  minuteness 
of  registration. 

XXII.  Academies,  institutes,  associations,  universities, 
colleges;  literary,  scientific,  economical,  eleemosy 
nary  and  religious  societies;  national  and  municipal 
governments;  assemblies,  conventions,  ^boards,  cor 
porations,  and  other  bodies  of  men,  under  whatever 
name,  and  of  whatever  character,  issuing  publica 
tions,  whether  as  separate  works,  or  in  a  continuous 
series,  under  a  general  title,  are  to  be  considered 
and  treated  as  the  authors  of  all  works  issued  by 
them,  and  in  their  name  alone.  The  heading  is  to 
be  the  name  of  the  body,  the  principal  word  to  be 
the  first  word,  not  an  article.  A  cross-reference  is 
to  be  made  from  any  important  substantive  or 
adjective,  to  the  principal  word. 

EXPLANATION  1.  If  the  name  of  the  author  appears  upon  the  title- 
page  of  a  work  having  a  distinct  title-page  and  paging,  published  by 
such  a  body,  the  work  then  comes  under  Rule  XXI.  It  must  be 
recorded  twice ;  once  under  the  general  title,  according  to  the  above 
rule,  and  again  under  the  name  of  the  author,  referring,  if  it  be  pub 
lished  in  a  series,  to  the  volume  of  the  series  in  which  it  is  contained. 

EXPLANATION  2.  Catalogues  of  public  libraries  are  to  be  entered 
under  the  name  of  the  establishment;  and  if  the  name  of  the  compiler 
appears  upon  the  title-page;  a  cross-reference  should  be  made  from  it 
to  the  principal  entry. 


RULES.  53 

EXPLANATION  3.  When  committees,  or  branches  of  a  body,  issue 
publications,  the  heading  is  to  be  the  name  of  the  chief,  and  not 
of  the  subordinate  body.  Thus,  under  United  States,  would  be 
placed  all  public  documents  issued  at  the  expense  of  the  United 
States,  whether  as  regular  Public  Documents,  or  by  particular 
Departments,  Bureaus,  or  Committees.  Such  titles,  when  they  be 
come  numerous,  may  be  classed,  and  conveniently  arranged  in  the 
catalogue. 

On  the  same  principle,  the  publications  of  literary  and  other  socie 
ties  connected  with  colleges  and  universities  are  to  be  catalogued  under 
the  names  of  the  colleges,  &c.,  with  cross-references  from  the  names 
of  the  societies. 

EXPLANATION  4.  Under  this  rule,  Liturgies,  Prayer-Books,  Bre 
viaries,  Missals,  &c.,  are  to  be  placed  under  the  English  name  of 
the  communion,  religious  order  or  denomination,  under  whose  au 
thority  they  are  prepared  and  published.  Similar  works  by  indi 
viduals,  are  to  be  placed  under  their  names. 

XXIII.  Translations   are  to   be  entered  under  the 
heading  of  the  original  work,  with  a  cross-reference 
from  the  name  of  the  translator.     If  the  name  of 
the  translator  be  known,  and  that  of  the  author  un 
known,  the  book  is  to  be  entered,  like  other  anony 
mous  works,  under  the  first  word  of  the  original 
title,  not  an  article  or  preposition,  whether  the  origi 
nal  be  or  be  not  in  the  library  to  be  catalogued. 

When  the  title  of  the  original  cannot  be  ascer 
tained,  or  cannot  be  expressed  in  English  letters, 
the  translation  is  to  be  entered  as  an  anonymous 
work,  that  is,  under  the  first  word  of  its  title,  not  an 
article  or  preposition. 

XXIV.  Commentaries  accompanied  by  the  whole  Text, 
are  to  be  entered  under  the  heading  of  the  original 

9 


54  RULES. 

work,  with  a  cross-reference  from  the  name  of  the 
commentator.  If  not  accompanied  by  the  Text, 
they  are  to  be  entered  under  the  name  of  the  com 
mentator,  with  a  cross-reference  from  the  name  ol 
the  author. 

XXV.  The  Bible,  or  any  part  of  it,  in  any  language, 
is  to  be  entered  under  the  word  "Bible." 

Cross-references  should  be  made  from  the  names  of 
the  writers,  as  well  as  from  the  names  of  the  several 
parts  of  the  Bible.  Both  of  these  classes  of  names  are 
to  be  expressed  in  the  form  adopted  in  the  author 
ized  English  version. 

XXVI.  Keports  of  Trials  are  to  be  recorded  under  the 
name  of  the  Reporter ;  or  if  this  be  not  known,  under 
the  first  word  of  the  Title.     There  should  also  be 
cross-references,  from  the  names  of  the  plaintiff  and 
of  the  defendant  in  a  civil  suit,  and  from  that  of  the 
defendant  in  a  criminal  suit. 

XXVII.  The  Kespondent  or  defender  in  a  thesis,  is  to 
be  considered  its  author,  except  when  it  unequivo 
cally  appears  to  be  the  work  of  the  Praeses. 

XXVIII.  Pseudonymous  works"  are  to  be  entered  under 
the  assumed  name,  followed  by  pseud.;  after  which 
may  be  given  the  name  of  the  supposed  or  reputed 
author,  with  (in  case  of  doubt)  the  word  probably 
before  it,  or  ?  after  it. 

But  if  the  author  have  published  any  edition,  con- 


RULES.  55 

tinuation,  or  supplement  under  his  name,  the  work 
is  not  to  be  considered  pseudonymous.  In  such  case, 
a  cross-reference  should  be  made  from  the  feigned 
name. 

EXPLANATION  1.  Under  pseudonyms  are  to  be  included  not  only 
fictitious  names,  such  as  Geoffrey  Crayon,  Gent.,  assumed  by  Wash 
ington  Irving,  and  abbreviated  names,  as  A.  L.  Mil.,  for  A.  L. 
Mill  in;  but  also  names  concealed  in  an  anagram,  as  Nides,  for 
Denis;  or  formed  from  the  initials  of  the  real  name,  as  Talvi,  for 
Theresa  Adolfina  Louisa  Von  Jacob,  and  all  words  used  fictitiously 
as  proper  names  of  authors. 

EXPLANATION  2.  Works  falsely  attributed,  in  their  titles,  to  par 
ticular  persons,  are  also  to  be  treated  as  pseudonymous,  and  entered 
under  the  names  of  the  pretended  authors,  with  such  notes  as  may  be 
necessary  to  prevent  mistake ;  unless  some  edition  has  been  published 
under  the  name  of  the  real  author. 

EXPLANATION  3.  Works  published  with  initials,  are  to  be  en 
tered  under  the  full  name  of  the  author,  if  he  be  known  to  have  pub 
lished  any  edition  with  his  name;  otherwise,  under  the  last  initial, 
which  is  to  be  supposed  to  stand  for  the  surname,  and  the  other  letter 
or  letters  for  Christian  names.  But  if  the  last  letter  be  known  to 
stand  for  a  title,  it  is  not  to  be  used  for  the  heading. 

XXIX.  Anonymous  works  are  to  be  entered  under  the 
first  word  of  the  title,  not  an  article  or  preposition. 
Cross-references  may  be  made  from  all  words,  in  the 
title,  under  which  such  a  work  would  be  likely  to  be 
sought  for,  in  an  alphabetical  catalogue. 

But  if  the  author  have  published  any  edition,  con 
tinuation,  or  supplement  under  his  name,  the  work 
is  not  to  be  considered  anonymous. 

EXCEPTION  1.  An  anonymous  biography  or  personal  narrative  is  to 
be  entered  under  the  name  of  the  person,  whose  life  or  adventures 


56  RULES. 

form  the  subject  of  the  book,  if  the  naine  appears  upon  the  title- 
page.  But  such  works  should  in  all  cases  be  designated  as  anony 
mous. 

EXCEPTION  2.  An  anonymous  continuation,  supplement,  appendix 
or  index  is  to  be  entered  under  the  heading  of  the  original  work. 

EXPLANATION  1.  A  book  is  not  to  be  considered  anonymous, 
when  the  name  of  the  author  is  given  in  any  part  of  it,  or  expressed 
by  any  distinctive  description.  In  such  case,  the  name  of  the  author 
is  to  be  inserted  in  the  title,  within  brackets,  and  is  to  be  used  as  the 
heading. 

EXPLANATION  2.  If  it  be  known  that  the  book  has  been  attribu 
ted  to  a  certain  person,  his  name  may  be  inserted  in  the  title,  within 
brackets,  with  such  explanation  as  shall  prevent  mistake ;  and  a  cross- 
reference  may  be  made  from  the  name  of  the  reputed  author. 

EXPLANATION  3.  Works  in  which  the  author  is  described  by  some 
circumlocution,  which  does  not  serve  to  identify  him,  are  to  be  con 
sidered  anonymous. 

REMARK.  This  rule  will  secure  uniformity.  It  will  relieve  libra 
rians  from  an  almost  incalculable  amount  of  labor,  perplexity  and 
dissatisfaction.  It  will  relieve  readers  from  every  inconvenience, 
except  that  of  sometimes  being  obliged  to  look  in  two  places  for 
the  book.  On  these  accounts,  a  simple,  arbitrary  rule  is  the  only 
one  that  can  safely  be  adopted.  Any  rule  for  selecting  the  most 
prominent  word  of  a  title,  or  for  entering  a  book  under  the  name  of 
its  subject,  would  be  found  fatal  to  uniformity;  it  would  greatly 
increase  the  trouble  of  making  a  catalogue;  it  would  not  render  the 
catalogue  more  convenient  for  readers,  but,  in  the  main,  much  less 
so.  The  only  objections  to  the  proposed  rule  are,  that  it  brings 
many  titles  under  words  of  little  significance,  as  a  "Brief  Survey",  a 
"Succinct  Narrative",  &c.,  and  that  it  brings  many  titles  together, 
under  such  words  as  "Essay",  "History",  "Narrative",  &c.  These 
objections  have  been  fully  considered,  and  the  rule  is  given  with 
the  settled  conviction  that  the  inconveniences  alluded  to  are  much 
less  than  those  which  would  result  from  any  other  rule  or  set  of 
rules,  which  have  been  proposed,  or  can  be  devised. 


RULES.  57 

CROSS-REFERENCES. 

XXX.  Cross-references, — consisting  of  only  the  word 
from  which  reference  is  made,  the  w^ord  See,  and 
the  name  or  heading  referred  to,  —  are  to  be  made 
in  the  following  instances : 

(1.)  From  other  forms  of  a  name,  than  the  one 
adopted  in  the  heading. 

(2.)  From  any  name  used  by  an  author,  or  by 
which  he  may  be  generally  known,  other  than  the 
one  used  for  the  heading. 

(3.)  From  important  words  in  the  name  of  any 
collective  body,  used  as  a  heading,  under  Eule 
XXII. 

(4.)  From  names  of  subordinate  bodies,  when  a 
work  is  entered  under  the  name  of  the  principal 
body,  under  Kule  XXII. 

(5.)  From  the  name  of  a  supposed  author  of  a 
pseudonymous  work. 

(6 . )  From  titles,  or  designations  of  office,  or  dignity, 
when  used  upon  title-pages,  instead  of  surnames. 

(7.)  From  the  family  names  of  persons,  whose 
works  are  entered  under  the  Christian,  or  first  names ; 
except  sovereigns,  or  princes  belonging  to  sovereign 
houses. 

(8.)  From  the  names  of  the  several  parts  of  the 
Bible,  and  of  the  writers  of  them. 

(9.)  From  former  titles  of  periodicals,  when  the 
publication  is  catalogued  under  an  altered  title,  or  a 
new  editor,  according  to  Rule  VII. 


58  RULES. 

XXXI.  The  following  classes  of  cross-references,  em 
ployed  to  prevent  the  necessity  of  entering  titles  in 
full,  more  than  once,  are  to  contain  so  much  of  the 
title  referred  to,  as  may  be  necessary  to  show  dis 
tinctly  the  object  of  the  reference.  When  it  would 
be  difficult  to  abbreviate  the  title,  for  this  purpose, 
other  words,  not  those  of  the  title,  may  be  used. 

(1.)  From  the  names  of  Translators,  Editors,  Com 
mentators,  Continuators,  or  other  persons,  named 
on  the  title-page,  (or  added  to  the  title,  on  the 
principle  of  Eule  XII.),  as  participating  in  the 
authorship  of  the  work. 

(2.)  From  the  name  of  any  person,  the  subject  of 
a  biography  or  narrative. 

(3.)  From  the  name  of  an  author,  any  whole  work 
of  whom,  or  some  considerable  part  of  it,  may  be 
the  subject  of  any  commentary  or  notes,  without 
the  text. 

(4.)  From  the  name  of  an  author,  whose  complete 
works  are  contained  in  any  collection,  or  any  con 
siderable  part  of  whose  works  have  been  first  pub 
lished  in  such  collection,  if  the  name  be  given  upon 
the  title-page. 

(5.)  From  any  word,  in  the  title  of  an  anonymous 
work,  under  which  one  would  be  likely  to  seek  for 
the  work  in  an  alphabetical  catalogue. 

(6.)  From  the  name  of  a  supposed  author  of  an 
anonymous  work. 

(7.)  From  the  names  of  the  plaintiff  and  of  the 
defendant,  in  the  report  of  a  civil  suit;  and  from 


RULES.  59 

the  name  of  the  defendant,  in  that  of  a  criminal 
suit. 

(8.)  From  the  name  of  a  former  editor  of  a  peri 
odical,  when  the  publication  is  catalogued  under  the 
name  of  a  new  editor,  according  to  Eule  VII. 


ARRANGEMENT. 

XXXII.  The  order  of  the  Headings  will  be  determined 
by  the  plan  of  the  catalogue,  whether  alphabetical, 
classed,  or  chronological. 

XXXIII.  The  Titles  are  immediately  to  follow  the 
headings;  and  within  the  divisions  and  sub-divisions 
given  below,  the  arrangement  is  to  be  chronologi 
cal.    Editions  without  date,  and  those  of  which  the 
date  cannot  be  ascertained,  even  by  approximation, 
are  to  precede  all  those  bearing  date,  or  of  which  the 
date  can  be   supplied,  either  positively  or  by  ap 
proximation.    The  latter  are  to  follow,  according  to 
their  date,  whether   apparent  in  any  part  of  the 
book,  or  supplied.     Editions  by  the  same  editor,  or 
such  as  are  expressly  stated  to  follow  a  specific  text 
or   edition,  and   editions  with  the  same  notes   or 
commentary,  to  succeed  each  other,  in  their  chrono 
logical  order,  immediately  after  the  entry  of  that 
which  is,  or  is  considered  to  be,  the  earliest. 


60  RULES. 

XXXIV.   Titles,  which  occur  under  the  name  of  an 
author,  are  to  be  arranged  in  the  following  order : 
(1.)  Collections  of  all  the  works. 

a.  Those  without  translations,  whether  with  or 
without  notes,  commentaries,  lives,  or  other  critical 
apparatus. 

b.  Those  with  translations. 

Editions  with  only  one  translation.  Those  with 
a  Latin  translation  are  to  be  placed  first;  next  those 
with  an  English ;  and  then  those  with  a  translation 
into  any  other  language,  in  the  alphabetical  order 
of  the  English  name  of  such  language. 

Editions  with  several  translations  into  different 
languages.  Those  are  to  be  entered  first,  which  have 
the  fewest  number  of  translations.  Among  those 
having  the  same  number  of  translations,  the  alpha 
betical  order  of  the  first  of  the  languages  employed 
is  to  be  followed. 

c.  Translations  without  the  text.    These  are  to  be 
arranged  among  themselves  according  to  the  prin 
ciples  laid  down  for  translations  with  the  text. 

(2.)  Partial  collections,  containing  two  or  more 
works.  Those  which  contain  the  greatest  number 
of  works  are  to  precede.  The  arrangement  of  the 
whole  is  to  be,  in  other  respects,  according  to  the 
principles  laid  down  for  collections  of  all  the  works. 

(3.)  Selections  or  collected  fragments.  Those  from 
all  the  works  are  to  precede  those  from  several 
works,  and  the  whole  to  be  arranged  according  to 
the  foregoing  principles. 


RULES.  61 

(4.)  Separate  works.  These  are  to  succeed  each 
other  alphabetically.  Entire  portions  of  a  separate 
work  are  to  follow  immediately  after  the  work  itself. 
The  different  editions  and  translations  are  to  be  ar 
ranged  according  to  the  foregoing  principles. 

(5.)  Entire  portions  of  a  separate  work,  when  the 
work  itself  does  not  occur. 

XXXY.  Works  placed  under  the  names  of  collective 
bodies,  (according  to  Rule  XXII,)  are,  in  general,  to 
be  arranged  in  alphabetical  order;  but  works  form 
ing  part  of  a  series  are  not  to  be  separated,  although 
that  series  be  interrupted,  or  the  title  changed;  and 
works  published  by  branches  or  subordinate  bodies, 
are  to  be  separately  arranged  and  placed  under  sub 
headings,  which  should  be  printed  in  a  distinctive 
type. 

XXXVI.  Cross -References  are  to  be  placed  after  all 
other  entries  under  the  heading,  and  in  alphabetical 
order  of  the  names  referred  to. 

XXXVII.  The  entries  under  the  word  BIBLE,   are 
to  be  arranged  in  the  following  order;  subject  in 
other  respects  to  the  principles  laid  down  in  Rule 
XXXIV,  except  that,  in  each  of  the  following  classes, 
editions  with  the  text  alone  are  to  precede  those  with 
commentaries. 

(1.)  The  Old  and  New  Testaments  with  or  with 
out  the  Apocrypha. 

(2.)  The  Old  Testament. 
10 


62  EULES. 

(3.)  Detached  parts  of  the  Old  Testament,  in  the 
same  order  in  which  they  are  arranged  in  the  English 
authorized  version  of  the  Scriptures. 

(4.)  The  New  Testament. 

(5.)  Detached  parts  of  the  New  Testament. 

(6.)  Apocryphal  books. 


MAPS,   ENGRAVINGS,   MUSIC. 

XXXVIII.  Maps,  Charts,  Engravings  and  Music,  (ex 
cept  when  published  in  volumes,)  are  not  to  be 
included  in  catalogues  of  Books.  Separate  cata 
logues  of  these  should  be  constructed  upon  the  gene 
ral  principles  of  the  preceding  rules. 

(1.)  In  cataloguing  MAPS  AND  CHARTS,  the  full 
title  is  to  be  given,  including  the  names  of  surveyors, 
compilers,  engravers,  publishers,  &c. ;  date  and  place 
of  publication;  and  number  of  sheets  composing  the 
map.  Each  edition  is  to  be  separately  recorded,  and 
the  separate  title  of  each  sheet,  when  it  varies  from 
the  general  title.  The  titles  of  sub -sketches  are  to 
be  introduced  at  the  close  of  the  main  title,  within 
brackets,  and  to  be  given  in  full,  including  author 
ship,  scale  and  size. 

(2.)  The  scale  is  to  be  given  in  all  cases.  When 
not  stated  on  the  map,  it  is,  if  possible,  to  be  derived 
from  it. 


RULES. 


(3.)  The  size  of  the  map,  within  the  neat-line  of 
the  border,  is  to  be  given  in  inches  and  tenths.  When 
a  map  has  no  printed  border,  the  measure  of  the 
limits  of  printed  surface  is  to  be  given. 

(4.)  The  price,  if  stated  on  the  map,  should  be 
copied. 

(5.)  All  important  peculiarities  of  copy,  such  as 
the  kind  of  paper,  and  whether  backed,  folded, 
bound,  on  rollers,  &c.,  should  be  mentioned  in  a  note. 

The  titles  thus  prepared  are  to  be  arranged  under 
the  names  of  the  countries,  or  divisions  of  the  earth's 
surface  delineated  in  the  maps;  and  these  names  are 
to  be  disposed  in  alphabetical  order,  with  the  cross- 
references  necessary  to  facilitate  research. 

(6.)  ENGRAVINGS  are  to  be  recorded  under  the 
names  of  the  engravers,  with  cross-references  from 
those  of  the  painters  or  designers.  The  date,  and 
the  name  of  the  publisher,  if  found  upon  the  print, 
should  also  be  given.  The  size  of  the  print,  in 
inches  and  tenths,  should  also  be  stated.  If  the 
copy  be  an  artists'  proof,  or  a  remarkably  good  im 
pression  of  a  valuable  engraving,  the  fact  should  be 
stated  in  a  note. 

(7.)  Music  is  to  be  entered  under  the  name  of  the 
composer.  If  the  work  have  a  distinctive  title,  there 
should  be  a  cross-reference  from  that. 


64  RULES. 

EXCEPTIONAL   CASES. 

XXXIX.  Cases  not  herein  provided  for,  and  excep 
tional  cases,  requiring  a  departure  from  any  of  the 
preceding  rules,  are  to  be  decided  upon  by  the 
superintendent. 


EXAMPLES. 


(A) 


REMARKS  ON   THE   EXAMPLES. 


The  following  examples  are  introduced,  for  the  purpose  of  illustrating  the 
rules,  and  of  furnishing  specimens  of  different  kinds  of  titles,  as  well  as  of 
showing  the  general  appearance  of  the  proposed  catalogues.  In  some  respects, 
these  are  not  average  specimens ;  but  have  been  selected,  partly  on  account  of 
their  containing  difficulties.  Some  titles  would  require  a  large  number  of 
cross-references.  Only  so  many  are  here  inserted  as  are  necessary  for  the 
purpose  of  illustration. 

It  has  not  been  convenient  to  give  examples  of  titles  in  languages  which  use 
other  than  Roman  letters.  Our  printing-office  is  not  yet  supplied  with  the 
requisite  variety  of  type.  For  the  same  reason,  in  some  of  the  titles,  words 
are  spelled  in  full,  which,  in  the  books,  are  printed  with  signs  of  abbreviation. 
There  is  a  branch  of  this  invention  which  promises  to  furnish  us  with  the 
means  of  engraving,  with  facility,  any  desired  characters,  and  of  stereotyping 
them  from  the  engraved  plates. 

The  application  of  the  rules  to  the  examples  will,  in  most  cases,  be  sufficiently 
obvious,  but,  it  may  not  be  amiss  to  make  some  explanations  respecting  a  few 
of  them. 

Rule  1  to  3.  The  examples  illustrating  these  rules  need  not  be  specially 
pointed  out.  Abridgments  are  frequent;  but  the  rules  for  omissions  could 
not  be  illustrated  without  giving  a  great  number  of  full  titles,  with  abridgments 
of  the  same.  When  an  author  has  only  one  Christian  name,  the  full  name  is 
supplied,  if  not  given  in  the  title  ;  when  more  than  one,  the  initials  not  given 
are  supplied.  Errors  in  titles,'  even  to  accidental  faults  in  punctuation,  have 
been  scrupulously  copied. 

Rule  4.    See  the  titles  under  Plinius  Secundus  and  Orosius. 

Rule  7.  See  North  American  review,  American  quarterly  review  and  Bell.  The 
last  journal,  being  completed,  is  catalogued  according  to  the  principle  of  Rule 
20,  under  the  first  editor's  name. 

Rule  20.     See  Cobbett  and  Nyerup. 

Rule  21.     See  Gale  and  Histories  Augusta  scriptores. 

Rule  21,  Expl.  1.  See  Ancient  Irish  histories  and  Autobiography.  Many  of 
the  special  titles  to  the  latter  are  omitted. 

Rule  22.     See  Linnean  society,  Great  Britain  and  Massachusetts. 

Rule  22,  Expls.  2,  3.     See  London  library,  University  of  Oxford  and  Grenville. 

The  catalogues  of  private  libraries  are  placed  under  the  names  of  the  pro^ 
prietors. 

Rule  23.     See  Nethode,  Riqueti  and  Oriental  historical  mss. 

Rule  28.     See  Bombet,  Gualdi,  Decanver  and  Voltaire. 

Rule  28,  Expl.  3.     See  C.,  La  Rochefoucauld  and  M  *  *  *. 

Rule  29.     See  Memoires,  Most  and  Harwood. 


68 

Rule  29,  Exc.  1.     See  Arc  and  Dubois. 
Rule  29,  Exc.  2.     See  Bossuet  and  Morgues. 
Rule  29,  Expl.  1.     See  Barbie  du  Bocage. 

INDEX     OF     SUBJECTS. 

An  index  of  subjects,  applicable  to  these  titles,  has  been  prepared  for  the 
purpose  of  furnishing  a  specimen  of  what  is  proposed  for  the  catalogue.  This 
general  index  may  be  printed  separately;  being  of  itself,  a  compact  and 
convenient  guide  to  the  contents  of  the  Library.  Such  an  index  affords,  as 
will  be  seen,  the  opportunity  for  making  a  much  more  minute  and  useful 
classification  of  titles  than  is  practicable  in  a  classed  catalogue. 

LOCAL  INDEX. 

This  is  intended  to  furnish  an  illustration  of  the  method,  described  on  page 
23,  of  designating  the  various  libraries,  where  any  work  is  to  be  found,  the 
title  of  which  is  in  the  catalogue.  This  index  will  be  an  indispensable  accom 
paniment  to  a  general  catalogue.  The  references  given  in  the  present  case 
are,  for  the  most  part,  supposititious. 

ABBREVIATIONS. 
Acc't/or  account. 
Anag.  for  anagram. 
App.  for  appendix. 
App'd  for  appended. 
B.  for  Band  and  Bande. 
Biogr.  for  biography  or  biographical. 
Cols,  for  columns. 
Cont'd/or  contained. 
Cont'g/or  containing. 
Crit.  for  critical. 
D.  for  Deel  and  Deelen. 
Ed.  for  edited  or  edition. 
Fo.  for  folio,  the  fold  of  the  sheet. 
Fol.  for  folio,  a  leaf,  singular  or  plural. 
Hist,  for  history  or  historical. 
In  par.  cols,  for  in  parallel  columns. 
Introd.  for  introduction. 
Irr.  for  irregular. 

Marg.  notes  for  side  marginal  notes. 
Opp.  for  opposite. 

P.  for  part,  pars,  partie,  &c.,  singular  or  plural, 
pp.  for  pages. 
Pref.  for  preface. 
Pref'd/or  prefixed. 
Pseud,  for  pseudonym. 

T.  for  tomus,  tome,  tomo,  &c.,  singular  or  plural. 
Transl.  for  translated  or  translation. 
V.  for  volume,  volumen,  &c.,  singular  or  plural. 


EXAMPLES. 


ALEXANDER,  the  Great. 

See  CURTIUS  RUPUS  (QUINTUS).     De  rebus  gestis  ALEXANDRI  Magni. 

AMERICAN  quarterly  review  (The).     V.  1-22.    .  .  . 

Philadelphia,  [1827]-'37.  8°  (6.7x3.8)  [  2784  ] 

ANCIENT  Irish  histories. — The  works  of  Spencer,  Campion,  Han- 
mer,  and  Marlebvrrovgh.  In  two  volumes.  [4  pagings.~]  .  ,  . 

[Dublin,  Hibernia  press  co.,  1809.]  8°  (6.5x4)  [  2424  ] 

ANTONINUS  LIBERALIS. 

See  GALE  (THOMAS).     Historise  poeticae  scrip  tores.   ANTONINUS  Liberalis. 

APOLLODORUS,  of  Athens. 

APOLLODORI  Atheniensis  bibliothecae  libri  tres — Ad  codd.  mss. 
fidem  recensiti  a  Chr.  G.  Heyne     [In  the  original. ~\ 

Goettingae,  1782.  8°  (4x2.2)  [  1004  ] 

See  GALE  (THOMAS).  Historise  poeticse  scriptores.  APOLLODOBUS  Atheniensis. 
See  HEYNE  (C.  G.).     Ad  APOLLODORI  Ath.  bibliothecam  notse,  etc. 

ARC    (JEANNE  D'). 

Memoirs  of  JEANNE  T>'  ARC,  .  .  .  with  the  history  of  her  times. 
In  two  volumes.     [4  pagings.~\  .   .  . 

London,  1824.  8°  (5.3x3.2)  [  1720  ] 

AROUET  (FRANCOIS  MARIE).     See  VOLTAIRE. 

AUTOBIOGRAPHY.  A  collection  of  the  most  instructive  and 
amusing  lives  ever  published,  written  by  the  parties  themselves. 
With  brief  introductions,  and  compendious  sequels,  carrying  on 
the  narrative  to  the  death  of  each  writer.  V.  1-33.  .  .  .  [40 
payings.]  London,  1826-'32.  12°  (4.7iVr.x2.6  irr.)  [  1255  ] 

A'ote.— This  collection  contains  the  autobiographies  of  C.  Cibber,  D.  Hume,  W.  Lilly,  F. 
M.  A.  de  Voltaire,  J.  F.  Marmontel,  K.  Drury,  G.  Whitefield,  J.  Ferguson,  M.  Robinson, 
C.  Charke,  E.  Herbert,  Prince  Eugene  of  Savoy,  A.  F.  F.  von  Kotzebue,  J.  Creichton,  W. 
Gifford,  T.  Ellwood,  L.  Holberg,  J.  H.  Vaux,  E.  Gibbon,  B.  Cellini,  J.  Lackington,  T.  W. 
Tone,  Fnedrike  Margravine  of  Baireutb,  G.  B.  Dodiugton,  C.  Goldoni,  E.  F.  Vidocq,  M. 
J.  Du  Barry,  and  W.  Sampson. 


70 

AYSCOUGH  (SAMUEL). 

A  general  index  to  the  Monthly  review,  from  its  commencement, 
to  the  end  of  the  seventieth  volume.  By  the  Rev.  S[AMUEL]  AYS- 
COUGH.  ...  In  two  volumes.  .  .  . 

London,  1786.  8°  (6.5x3.5)  [  2790  ] 

A  continuation  of  the  general  index  to  the  Monthly  review;  com 
mencing  at  the  seventy-first,  and  ending  with  the  eighty-first,  vol 
ume  ;  completing  the  first  series  of  that  work.  *  .  .  Compiled 
by  the  Rev.  S[AMUEL]  AYSCOUGH,  .  .  . 

London,  1796.  8°  (6.5X3.6)  [  2791  ] 

AYSCU  (EDWARD). 

A  historic  contayning  the  vvarres,  treaties,  marriages,  and  other 
occurrents  betweene  England  and  Scotland,  from  King  William 
the  Conqueror,  vntill  the  happy  vnion  of  them  both  in  our  gratious 
King  lames.  With  a  briefe  declaration  of  the  first  inhabitants  of 
this  island :  and  what  seuerall  nations  haue  sithence  setled  them- 
selues  therein  one  after  an  other:  [by  EDWARD  AYSCU.]  *  *  * 

London,  1607.  4°  (5.5x3.3)  [  2156  ] 

BADEN  (GUSTAV  LUDVIG). 

Dansk-norsk  historisk  Bibliothek,  indeholdende  Efterretning  om 
de  Skrifter,  som  bidrage  til  dansk-norsk  Historiekundskab.  Ved 
Dr.  GrusTAv  LUDVIG  BADEN. 

Odense,  1815.  8°  (5.4X3.1)  [  391  ] 

BAIREUTH  (Margravine  o/).     See  FRIEDRIKE  SOPHIE  WIL- 

HELMINE. 

BALFOUR  (CLARA  LUCAS). 

Sketches  of  English  literature,  from  the  fourteenth  to  the  present 
century.  By  CLARA  LUCAS  BALFOUR,  .  .  .  *  *  * 

London,  1852.  8°  (5x3)  [  2646  ] 

BANKES  (HENRY). 

The  civil  and  constitutional  history  of  Rome  from  its  foundation  to 
the  ao-e  of  Augustus.  By  HENRY  BANKES  esq.  In  two  volumes. 
***...  London,  1818.  8°  (6.1x3  4)  [  1384  ] 

BARBIE  DU  BOCAGE  (JEAN  DENIS). 

Recueil  de  cartes  geographiques,  plans,  vues  et  medailles  de 
Pancienne  Grece,  relatifs  au  voyage  du  jeune  Anacharsis,  precede 
d'une  analyse  critique  des  cartes.  \By  J.  D.  BARBIE  DU  BOCAGE.] 
Seconde  edition. 

Paris,  1789.  8°  (7.3x4.6)  pp.  xlij.  maps,  &c.,  31.  [  1216  ] 


BAltEITH  (Margravine  of).     See  BAIREUTH. 

BARTHELEMY  (JEAN  JACQUES). 

Voyage  du  jeune  Anacharsis  en  Grece,  dans  le  milieu  da  quatriemc 
siecle  avant  Tore  vulgaire.  Seconde  Edition.  T.  1-7.  [By  3.  J. 
BARTHELEMY.  With  tables  in  V.  7,  pp.  cccxxij."} 

Paris,  1789.  8°  (5.3x3.1)  mar y.  notes.  [1215] 

Note.— For  maps,  see  Barbie  du  Bocage,  Jean  Denis. 

BASNAGE  DE  BEAUVAL  (JACQUES). 

The  history  of  the  Jews,  from  Jesus  Christ  to  the  present  time :' 
.  .  .  Being  a  supplement  and  continuation  of  the  history  of 
Josephus.  Written  in  French  by  Mr.  [JACQUES]  BASNAGE  [DE 
BEAUVAL].  Translated  into  English  by  Tho.  Taylor,  A.  M. 

London,  1708.  fo.  (12.3x0.9  irr.')  2  cols.  [  1429  ] 

BAYARD  (Chevalier-).     SeeVV  TERRAIL  (PIERRE). 
BAZIN  (L'alM),  pseud.     See  VOLTAIRE  (F.  M.  A.  DE). 

BECKER  (WiLHELM  ADOLF). 

Gallus:  or,  Roman  scenes  of  the  time  of  Augustus;  with  notes 
and  excursuses  illustrative  of  the  manners  and  customs  of  the 
Romans.  By  Professor  \V.  A.  BECKER.  Translated  by  the  Rev. 
Frederick  Metcalfe,  .  .  .  I  With  plates."] 

London,  1849.  12°  (6.2x3.5)  [  1775  ] 

BELISARIUS. 

See  STANHOPE  (PHILIP  HENRY).     Life  of  BELISARIUS. 

BELL  (THOMAS),  Sec.  R.  S. 

The  zoological  journal.     V.  1,  2.      From  March,  1824,  ...  to 
April,  1826.     Conducted  by  THOMAS  BELL,  esq.  F.L.S. 
V.  3,  4.     From  January,  1827,  ...  to  May,  1829.     Edited  by 
N.  A.  Vigors,  .  .  .     [With plates.] 

London,  1825-'29.  8°  (6.2x3.6)  [  2940  ] 

Note.— Mr.  Bell  was  assisted  in  the  publication  of  V.  1,  2,  by  J.  G.  Children,  J.  De  C. 
Sowerby,  and  G.  B.  Sowerby;  Mr.  Vigors,  in  the  publication  of  V.  3,  4,  by  T.  Bell,  E.  T. 
Bennett,  J.  E.  Bicheno,  W.  J.  Broderip,  J.  G.  Children,  Thos.  Hardwicke,  T.  Horsfield, 
W.  Kirby,  J.  De  C.  Sowerby,  G.  B.  Sowerby,  and  W.  Yarrell. 

BENTINCK  (Lord  GEORGE). 

See  DISRAELI.  (BENJ.).     Biography  of  Lord  GEO.  BENTINCK. 

BEYLE  (HENRI). 

See  BOMBET  (L.  A.  C.),  pseud,  for  HENRI  BEYLE. 

BODLEIAN  LIBRAKT.     See  UNIVERSITY  OF  OXFORD.    • 


72 

('Lons  AT.:::;A::-:::IT:  T^SA::'    /.,••     '.  for  B 
The  lives  of  Haydn  [by  G.  Carpani,]  and  Mozart  [by  Schlichte- 
yroll"],  with  observations  on  Metastasio,  and  on  the  present  state 
of  music  in  France  and  Italy.     Translated  from  the  French  of  L. 

A.  C.  BOMBET  [H.  Beyle,  by  R.  Brewing.     With  notes,  by  [  W. 
Gardiner,]  .  .   ,     Second  edition. 

London,  1818.  8°  (5.9x3.3)  [  1864  ] 

BONAPARTE  (NAPOLEON).     See  NAPOLEON  I.  BONAPARTE. 

BOSSUET  (JACQUES  BENIGNE),  Biii.np  of  Meaux. 

Discours  sur  1'histoirc  universelle.  Pour  expliquer  la  suite  de  la 
religion  &  les  changeinens  des  empires.  Premiere  partie.  Depuis 
le  commencement  du  monde  jusqu'a  V empire  de  Charlemagne. 
Par  Messire  JACQUES  BENIGNE  BOSSUET,  .  .  .  Dixieme  Edition. 
***  \_Wit7i3  maps.'] 

Amsterdam,  1710.  12°  (4.9x2)  marg.  notes.  [  1377  ] 

Continuation  de  1'histoire  universelle  de  Messire  JACQUES  BE 
NIGNE  BOSSUET,  .  .  .  [By  Jean  de  La  BarreJ]  Tome  second. 
Depuis  Tan  800.  de  n6tre  Seigneur  jusqu'&  Fan  1687.  inclusive- 
ment.  [  With  3  map&.~\ 

Amsterdam,  1714.  12°  (4.9x2.5)  [1378] 

Discours  sur  1'histoire  universelle,  a  Monseigneur  le  dauphin :  pour 
expliquer  la  suite  de  la  religion,  et  les  changemens  des  empires. 
Premiere  partie.  Depuis  le  commencement  du  monde  jusqu'& 
1' empire  de  Charlemagne.  Par  Messire  JACQUES  BENIGNE  BOS 
SUET,  .  .  .  Nouvelle  Edition. 

Paris,  1752.  12°  (4.5  t>r.x2.1)  marg.  notes.  [  1435  ] 

Suite  de  1'histoire  universelle,  de  Monsieur  I'ev^que  de  Meaux  [J. 

B.  BOSSUET].     Depuis  Tan  800.  de  notre  Seigneur  jusqu'&  Tan 
1700.  inclusivement.     Seconde  partie.     Nouvelle  edition.     \ByJ. 
de  La  Barre.]  Paris,  1752.  12°  (4.8x2.4)  [  1436  ] 

BOWDICH  (Mrs.  T.  ED.).     See  LEE  (Mn.  R.). 
BROTHERS  IN  UNITY.     See  YALE  COLLEGE. 

BULWER  (Sir  EDWARD  LYTTON).    See  LYTTON  (Sir  ED.  O. 
E.  L.  BULWER). 

C.  (M.  G.  D.),  Gotten  de  Courtilz  de  Sandras. 

M&noires  de  Monsieur  de  Bordeaux,  intendant  des  finances.  Par 
M.  Gr.  D.  C.  [Gatien  de  Courtilz  de  Sandras.]  T.  1-4. 

Amsterdam,  1758.  12°  (4.7x2.3)  [  2731  ] 


73 

CAESAR  (CAius  JULIUS). 

See  NAPOLEON  I.     Precis  des  guerres  de  C^SAR. 

CAMPION  (EDMUND). 

Ancient  Irish  histories. — A  historic  of  Ireland,  written  in  the 
yeare  1571.  By  EDMUND  CAMPION,  .  .  .  \Ed.  by  James  Ware.~\ 

Dublin,  1809.  8°  (6.7x4)  [  2426  ] 

Note.  —  Cont'd  in  V.  1  of  "  Ancient  Irish  histories."    A  reprint  of  the  Dublin  edition  of  1633. 

CAPITOLINUS  (JULIUS). 

See  HISTORIC  Augustas  scriptores.     JULIUS  CAPITOLINUS. 

C  ASTRO  (JOAODE). 

See  FREIRE  DE  ANDRADA  (JACINTO).     Vida  de  Jolo  DE  CASTRO. 

CATTEAU-CALLEVILLE  (JEAN  PIERRE  GUILLAUME). 

Histoire  de  Christine,  reine  de  Suede,  avec  un  precis  historique  de 
la  Suede  depuis  les  anciens  terns  jusqu'a  la  mort  de  G-ustave- 
Adolphe-le-Grand,  ...  par  [J.  P.  G.]  CATTEAU-CALLEVILLE, 
...  T.  1,  2.  *  *  *  Paris,  1815.  8°  (5.7x3.1)  [  1876  ] 

CAVENDER  (C.  H.). 

See  DECANVER  (H.  C.),  anag.for  C.  H.  CAVENDER. 

CIBBER  (COLLEY). 

An  apology  for  the  life  of  Mr.  COLLEY  GIBBER,  comedian.  Writ 
ten  by  himself.  *  *  *  London,  1829.  12°  (4.7X2.6)  [  1256  ] 

Abfe.  —  V.  1  of  "Autobiography." 

CLEMENT  (DAVID). 

Bibliotheque  curieuse  historique  et  critique,  ou  catalogue  raisonne 
de  livres  dificiles  a  trouver,  par  DAVID  CLEMENT.  T.  1-9.  *  *  * 
T.  1-3,  Gbttingen,  T.  4,  5,  Hannover,  T.  6-9,  Leipric,  1750-'60 

4°  (6.5X5)  [2638] 

Note.— This  catalogue  is  alphabetical,  but  unfinished,  extending  only  to  Hessus. 

COBBETT  (WILLIAM). 

Elements  of  the  Roman  history,  in  English  and  French,  from  the 
foundation  of  Rome  to  the  battle  of  Actium;  selected  from  the 
best  authors,  ancient  and  modern,  with  a  series  of  questions  .  .  . 
The  English  by  WILLIAM  COBBETT;  the  French  by  J.  H.  Sievrac. 
London,  1828.  12°  (5.5x3.1)  [  1029  ] 

Note.— With  a  title-page  in  French. 

COCHRANE  (JOHN  GEORGE). 

See  LONDON  LIBRARY.     Catalogue;  compiled  by  J.  G.  COCHRANE, 
B 


74 

CONON  GRAMMATICUS. 

See  GALE  (THOMAS).    Historic  poeticse  scrip  tores.     CONON  Grammaticus. 

COURTILZ  DE  SANDRAS  (G-ATIEN  DE). 

See  C.  (M.  G.  D.),  GATIEN  DE  COURTILZ  DE  SANDRAS. 

See  DU  BUISSON  ( ),  pseud,  for  GATIEN  DE  COURTILZ  DE  SANDRAS. 

CUETO  (LEOPOLDO  AUGUSTO  DE). 

See  QTJEYPO  DE  LLANO  (J.  M.).  Historia  de  EspaSa:  con  su  vida  por  L. 
A.  DE  CUETO. 

CURTIUS  RUFUS  (QuiNTUs). 

[Q.  CURTII  RUFI,  de  rebus  gestis  Alexandri  regis  Macedomim  libri 
vin.  Prefd  are  two  books  of  supplement.  App'd  are  the  sup 
plements  of  J.  Freinsheim,  pp.  93.  Edited  by  D.  Elzevir.] 

8°  (6.9X3.4)  [  1379  ] 

CUVIER  (GEORGES  LEOPOLD  CHRETIEN  FREDERIC  DAGOBERT), 

Baron. 
See  LEE  (Mrs.  E.).     Memoirs  of  G.  L.  C.  F.  D.  CUVIER. 

DECANVER  (H.  C.),  anagram  for  C.  H.  Cavender. 

Catalogue  of  works  in  refutation  of  Methodism,  from  its  origin  in 
1729,  to  the  present  time.  Of  those  by  Methodist  authors  on  lay- 
representation,  Methodist  episcopacy,  etc.,  etc.,  and  of  the  politi 
cal  pamphlets  relating  to  Wesley's  "Calm  address  to  our  American 
colonies."  Compiled  by  H.  C.  DECANVER  [<7.  H.  Cavender]. 

Philadelphia,  1846.  8°  (6.3x3.8)  pp.  54.  [310] 

DIBDIN  (THOMAS  FROGNALL). 

The  bibliomania;  or,  book-madness;  containing  some  account  of 
the  history,  symptoms,  and  cure  of  this  fatal  disease.  In  an  epistle 
addressed  to  Richard  Heber,  esq.  By  the  Rev.  THOMAS  FROG 
NALL  DIBDIN,  F.  S.  A.  *  *  * 

London,  1809.  8°  (6.4  tVr.x3.5)  pp.  87.  [  2736  ] 

The  bibliomania;  or  book -madness;  containing  some  account  of 
the  history,  symptoms,  and  cure  of  this  fatal  disease.  In  an  epistle 
addressed  to  Richard  Heber,  esq.  By  the  Rev.  THOMAS  FROG 
NALL  DIBDIN,  F.  S.  A.  *  *  * 

London,  [1842.]  8°  (6.4x3.6)  pp.  64.  [  2631  ] 

Note.— A  reprint  of  "The  first  edition,"  1809. 

Bibliomania ;  or  book  madness :  a  bibliographical  romance,  in  six 
parts.  [1  paging.  2d  edition.']  Illustrated  with  cuts.  By  the  Rev. 
THOMAS  FROGNALL  DIBDIN.  *  *  * 

London,  1811.  8°  (6.3  m*.x3.5)  [  2629  ] 


75 

Bibliomania;  or  book -madness;  a  bibliographical  romance.  Illus 
trated  with  cuts.  By  THOMAS  FROGNALL  DIBDIN,  D.  D.  New 
and  improved  edition,  to  which  are  now  added  preliminary  observa 
tions,  and  a  supplement  including  a  key  to  the  assumed  characters 
in  the  drama.  [  With  indexes,  pp.  xxxiv.~] 

London,  1842.  8°  (6.4x3.7)  [  2630  ] 

DIOGENES  LAERTIUS. 

DIOGENIS  LAERTII  de  vitis,  dogmatibus  et  apophthegmatibus  cla- 
rorum  philosophorum  libri  x.  Grsece  et  Latine  [in  par.  cols.']. 
Cum  subjunctis  integris  annotationibus  Is.  CasaubonijTh.  Aldo- 
brandini  &  Mer.  Casauboni.  Latinam  Ambrosii  versionem  com- 
plevit  &  emendavit  Marcus  Meibomius.  Seorsum  excusas  J&g. 
Menagii  in  Diogenem  observationes  auctiores  habet  volumen  u. 
.  .  .  Additae  denique  sunt  priorum  editionum  praefationes,  &  in 
dices  locupletissimi.  ***  [T7!!,  2.  With  portraits."] 

Amstelcedami,  CIDIOCVIIIC.  4°  (8.1x5.4)  [  1414  ] 

DISRAELI  (BENJAMIN). 

Lord  George  Bentinck:  a  political  biography.  By  B[ENJAMIN] 
DISRAELI,  ...,**  Second  edition. 

London,  1852.  8°  (5.8x3.3)  [  2757  ] 

DISRAELI  (ISAAC),  or  D' Israeli. 

Amenities  of  literature;  consisting  of  sketches  and  characters  of 
English  literature,  illustrating  the  literary,  political,  and  religious 
vicissitudes  of  the  English  people.  By  I[SAAC]  D'IsRAELi,  .  .  . 
In  three  volumes.  .  .  .  Second  edition. 

London,  1842.  8°  (6.3-X3.6)  [  2622  ] 

Curiosities  of  literature.  By  ISAAC  DISRAELI.  With  a  view  of 
the  life  and  writings  of  the  author.  By  his  son.  In  three  vol 
umes.  .  .  .  Fourteenth  edition.  [With  %  portraits,  a  fac-simile, 
&  a  view.']  London,  1849.  8°  (6.7x3.8)  [  2734  ] 

DUBOIS  (GuiLLAUME),  Archbishop  of  Camlray. 

Vie  privee  du  cardinal  [GUILLAUME]  DUBOIS,  .  .  .  [By  Antoine 
Mongez.~]  Londres,  1789.  8°  (5.7X3.1)  [  1721  ] 

DU  BUISSON  ( ),  pseud,  for  Gatien  de  Courtilz  de  Sandras. 

The  history  of  the  life  and  actions  of  ...  the  Viscount  de  Turenne. 

Written  in  French  by  Monsieur  Du  BUISSON  [G.  de  Courtilz  de 

Sandras~],  '.  .  .  And  translated  into  English  by  Ferrand  Spence. 

London,  1686.  8°  (5.7x3.3)  [  1719  ] 

DUMOURIEZ  (CHARLES  FRANCOIS  DUPERIER). 

The  life  of  General  [C.  F.]  DUMOURIEZ.     In  three  volumes.   .  .  . 
London,  1796.  8°  (6x3.5)  [  1702  ] 


76 

DU  TEREAIL  (PIERRE),  Chevalier  Bayard. 

See  SIMMS  (W.  G.).     Life  of  PIERRE  Du  TERRAIL,  Chevalier  Bayard. 

EDINBURGH  review  (The),  or  critical  journal:    .  .  .  quarterly. 
*  *  *  ...  London.  8°  (6.7x3.8)  [  2781  ] 

Xfote. — This  publication  was  commenced  in  October,  1802.    To  October,  1853,  inclusive, 
there  were  published  98  volumes. 

General  index  to  the  EDINBURGH  review,  from  its  commencement 
in  October  1802,  to  the  end  of  the  twentieth  volume,  published 
in  No**nber  1812.  Edinburgh,  1813.  8°  (6.6x3.8)  [  2782  ] 

General  index  to  the  EDINBURGH  review,  from  the  twenty-first  to 
the  fiftieth  volumes  inclusive.  (April  1813 -January  1830.) 

Edinburgh,  1832.  8°  (6.8x4)  2  cols.  [  2783  ] 

EMERSON  (GEORGE  BARRELL). 

See  MASSACHUSETTS.  Report  on  the  trees  and  shrubs  of  M.;  by  G.  B. 
EMERSON. 

ESS   (WlLLEM   LODEWYK  VAN). 

The  life  of  Napoleon  Buonaparte;  containing  .  .  .  a  philosophical 
review  of  his  manners  and  policy  as  a  soldier,  a  statesman,  and  a 
sovereign :  including  memoirs  and  original  anecdotes  of  the  imperial 
family,  and  the  most  celebrated  characters  that  have  appeared  in 
France  during  the  revolution.  By  WILLEM  LODEWYK  VAN  Ess. 
Illustrated  with  portraits.  V.  1-4. 

Philadelphia,  1809,  '10.  8°  (6.6x3.7)  [  1854  ] 

EYTON  (THOMAS  C.). 

A  history  of  the  rarer  British  birds.  By  T.  C.  EYTON,  esq. 
Illustrated  with  woodcuts.  London,  1836.  8°  (6.3  X3.6)  [  2893  ] 

A  catalogue  of  British  birds.     By  T.  C.  EYTON,  esq. 

London,  1836.  8°  (6.3x3.5)  pp.  67.  [  2894  ] 

FRIEDRIKE  SOPHIE  WILHELMINE,  Margravine  of  Baireuth. 
Memoirs  of  FREDERICA  SOPHIA  WILHELMINA,  .  .  .  Margravine 
of  Bareith,  sister  of  Frederic  the  Great.      Written  by  herself. 
Translated  from  the  original  French.     In  two  volumes.    ... 

London,  1828.  12°  (4.6X2.7)  [  1278  ] 

Note.— V.  20,  21  of  "Autobiography." 

FREIRE  DE  ANDRADA  (JACINTO). 

Vida  de  D.  Joao  de  Castro,  .  .  .  escrita  por  JACINTO  FREIRE  DE 
ANDRADA.  Nova  edi§ ao  emendada,  e  acrescentada  com  a  vida  do 
autor.  Paris,  1818.  12°  (5x2.6)  marg.  notes.  [  1815  ] 


77 

FRONTINUS  (SEXTUS  JULIUS). 

SEXTI  JULII  FRONTINI  viri  consularis  strategematicon  sive  de  soler- 
tibus  ducum  factis  &  dictis  libri  quatuor.     Samuel  Tennulius  variis 
mss.  contulit,  emendavit,  notis  illustravit,  &  copiosissimo  indice 
rerum  ac  verborum  omavit.   *  *  * 
Lugduni-Batav.  &  Amstelcedami,  1675. 12°  (4.2X2.1)  [1058] 

*  *  ,  Astvtie  militari  di  SESTO  IULIO  FRONTING  huomo  consolare, 
di  tvtti  li  famosi  et  eccellenti  capitani  romani,  greci,  barbari,  et 
hesterni.  [Ending  "  Stampato  in  Vinegia  .  .  .  mdxxxvi'  ] 

1537.  8°  (4.9X2.9)  ***  [1054] 

GALE  (THOMAS). 

Historiae  poeticas  scriptores  antiqui.  Apollodorus  Atheniensis. 
Conon  Graramaticijs.  Ptolemaeus  Hephsest.  f.  Parthenius  Nicaen- 
sis.  Antoninus  Liberalis.  Grsece^  &  Latine.  Accesse're  breves 
notae  &  indices  necessarij.  [Ed.  by  THOMAS  GALE.] 

Parisiis,  1675.  8°  (5.5x3.3)  3 pagings.  [1002] 

GALLICANUS  (YuLCATius). 

See  HISTORLE  Augustae  scriptores.     VULCATIUS  GALLICANUS. 

GANDELL  (HENRY  WOOD). 

See  VOLTAIRE  (F.  M.  A.  DE).    Philos.  of  hist;  transl.  by  H.  W.  GANDELL. 

GODDARD  (AUSTIN  PARKE). 

See  GUICCIARDINI  (FE.).     History  of  Italy;  transl.  by  A.  P.  GODDARD. 

GODWIN  (Mrs.  MARY  W.).     See  WOLLSTONECRAFT  (MARY). 
GRAHAM  (CATHARINE  SAWBRIDGE  MACAULAY). 

The  history  of  England  from  the  accession  of  James  I.  ...  to 

the  revolution.    V.  1-5  .  .  .    By  Catharine  Macaulay.    V.  6-8. 

By  CATHARINE  MACAULAY  GRAHAM.    [With  an  app.  to  V.  2, 

pp.  xxivj  &  to  V.  5,  pp.  lv.~] 

London,  1763 -'83.  4°  (7.4x4.7)  marg.  notes.  [  2118  ] 

The  history  of  England,  from  the  revolution  to  the  present  time, 
in  a  series  of  letters  to  the  Reverend  Doctor  Wilson,  ...  By 
CATHARINE  MACAULAY  [GRAHAM].  V.  1. 

Bath,  1778.  4°  (7X4.5)  [  2119  ] 

GREAT  BRITAIN. 

State  papers  published  under  the  authority  of  his  majesty's  com 
mission.  V.  1-11.  King  Henry  the  Eighth.  .  .  .  [With  3 
genealog.  tables  &  3  maps.~\ 

[London,]  1831-'52.  4°  (8.1x5.5)  marg.  notes.  [2296] 


78 

GRENVILLE  (THOMAS). 

Bibliotheca  Grenvilliana ;  or  bibliographical  notices  of  rare  and 
curious  books,  forming  part  of  tlie  library  of  the  Right  Hon. 
THOMAS  GRENVILLE  :  by  John  Thomas  Payne  and  Henry  Foss. 
V.  1,  2.  [I  paging.  Alphabetical;  with  an  index,  pp.  xxxiii,  & 
addenda.']  London,  1842.  8°  (6.9x3.9)  2  cols.  [2737] 

Bibliotheca  Grenvilliana;  part  the  second,  completing  the  catalogue 
of  the  library  bequeathed  to  the  British  museum  by  the  late  Right 
Hon.  THOMAS  GRENVILLE.  By  John  Thomas  Payne  and  Henry 
Foss.  [Alphabetical;  with  an  index,  pp.  xlii,  addenda,  &  books 
printed  for  clubs  and  societies.'} 

London,  1848.  8°  (6.9X3.9)  2  cols.  [  2738  ] 

GUALDI  (IS abbe),  pseud,  for  Gregorio  Leti. 

La  vie  de  Madame  Olimpe  Maldachini  qui  a  gouuerne  Teglise, 

durant  le  pontificat  d'Innocent  x.  c'est  &  dire,  depuis  Tan  1644. 

iusques  a  Tan  1655.   Escrite  par  Tabbe  GVALDI.    [  Gregorio  Leti.] 

Cosmopoli,  1666.  12°  (4.2x2.3)  [2700] 

GUICCIARDINI  (FRANCESCO). 

The  history  of  Italy,  translated  from  the  Italian  of  FRANCESCO 
GUICCIARDINI,  by  Austin  Parke  Goddard,  esq;  The  third  edition. 
...  V.  1-10.  \Prefd  to  V.  1  is  a  life  of  the  author,  pp.  xxxii. 
App'd  to  V.  10  is  an  index,  pp.  77.] 

London,  1763.  8°  (5.6x3)  marg.  notes.  [  1600  ] 

HANMER  (MEREDITH). 

Ancient  Irish  histories. — The  chronicle  of  Ireland.  Collected  by 
MEREDITH  HANMER,  doctor  of  diuinity,  in  the  yeare  1571. 

Dublin,  1809.  8°  (6.7X4)  [  2427  ] 

Note. — Cont'd  in  V.  2  of  "  Ancient  Irish  histories."  A  reprint  of  the  Dublin  edition  of  1633. 

HARWOOD  (EDWARD). 

Biographia  classica:  the  lives  and  characters  of  all  the  classic 
authors,  the  Grecian  and  Roman  poets,  historians,  orators,  and 
biographers.  .  .  .  [By  EDWARD  HARWOOD.]  The  second  edition, 
corrected  and  improved.  To  which  is  now  added,  at  the  end  of 
every  life,  a  list  of  the  best  and  most  curious  editions  of  each 
classic  author.  In  two  volumes. 

London,  1750.  12°  (5.1X2.8)  [  1019  ] 

Biographia  classica:  the  lives  and  characters  of  the  Greek  and 
Roman  classics.  A  new  edition,  corrected  and  enlarged,  with 
some  additional  lives;  and  a  list  of  the  best  editions  of  each 
author.  By  EDWARD  HARWOOD,  D.  D.  In  two  volumes.  .  .  . 

London,  1778.  12°  (5x2.8)  [  1020  ] 


79 

HERCULANO  (A.). 

Historia  de  Portugal  por  A.  HERCULANO    T.  1-3 

Lisloa,  1846-'49.  8°  (6X3.6)  [  1621  ] 

HEYNE  (CHRISTIAN  GOTTLOB). 

Ad  Apollodori  Atheniensis  bibliothecam  notae  avctore  CHR.  G. 
HEYNE  cvm  commentatione  de  Apollodoro  argvmento  et  consilio 
operis  et  cvm  Apollodori  fragmentis.  P.  1-3.  [1  paging.  ~\ 

Goettingae,  1783.  8°  (4.1X2.4)  [  1006  ] 

HISTORIC  Augustae  scriptores  VI.  JElius  Spartianus.  Julius 
Capitolinus.  JElius  Lampridius.  Vulc.  Gallicanus.  Trebell.  Pol- 
lio.  Flavius  Vopiscus.  Cum  integris  notis  Isaac!  Casauboni, 
Cl.  Salmasii  &  Jani  Gruteri.  Cum  indicibus  locupletissimis  rerum 
ac  verborum.  T.  1,  2.  *  *  * 

Lugduni  Batav[orum],  1671.  8°  (5.9x3.4)  [  1201  ] 

HUME  (DAVID). 

The  history  of  England  by  DAVID  HUME,  in  eight  volumes.  .  .  ... 

*  *  *     [  With  portraits.] 

Oxford,  1826.  8°  (6.6x3.5)  marg.  notes.  [  2219  ] 

Note.  —  Pref  d  to  V.  1  are  an  autobiography  of  Hume,  &  a  letter  from  Adam  Smith  to  Wm. 
Strahan,  pp.  xxvi. 

The  life  of  DAVID  HUME.     Written  by  himself. 

London,  1826.  12°  (4.7X2.6)  #p.  16.  [  1257  ] 

.—  V.  2  of  "Autobiography." 


TRYING  (DAVID). 

The  lives  of  the  Scotish  poets,  with  preliminary  dissertations  on 

the  literary  history  of  Scotland,  and  the  early  Scotish  drama.     By 

DAVID  IRVINE,  L.L.D.  [!RVING.]    V.  1,  2.     [  With  2  portraits.] 

Edinburgh,  ISIQ.  8°  (5.8x3.3)  [2455] 

Note.  —  A  second  copy,  in  the  Library  of  Congress,  purports  to  be  the  "Second  edition, 
improved,"  printed  in  "  London."    The  only  difference  is  in  the  title-page. 

IRVING  (WASHINGTON). 

Chronicle  of  the  conquest  of  Granada.  [By  WASHINGTON  IRVING.] 
From  the  mss.  of  Fray  Antonio  Agapida. 

New-York,  1850.  12°  (5.7x3.5)  [  1816  ] 

Note*—  V.  14  of  "The  works  of  Washington  Trying." 

JERDAN  (WILLIAM). 

The  autobiography  of  WILLIAM  JERDAN,  .  .  .  With  his  literary, 
political,  and  social  reminiscences  and  correspondence  during  the 
last  fifty  years.  V.  1,  2.  [  With  2  portraits.'] 

London,  1852.  8°  (5.3x3.1)  [  2479  ] 


80 

JERVIS  (HENRY  JER vis -WHITE).  \ 

History  of  the  island  of  Corfu,  and  of  the  republic  of  the  Ionian 
islands.  By  HENRY  JER  vis -WHITE  JERVIS,  .  .  . 

London,  ISM.  12°  (5.2x3)  [1489] 

JULIANUS  (FLAVIUS  CLAUDIUS). 

See  LA  BLETTERIE  (JEAN  PH.  REN£  DE).    Life  of  the  Emperor  JULIAN. 

KELLY  (MICHAEL). 

Reminiscences  of  MICHAEL  KELLY,  of  the  King's  theatre,  and 
theatre  royal  Drury  Lane,  including  a  period  of  nearly  half  a 
century;  with  original  anecdotes  of  many  distinguished  persons, 
political,  literary,  and  musical.  [  With  an  app.  cont'g  an  acc't  of 
the  King's  theatre.']  New-York,  1826.  8°  (6x3.6)  [2556] 

KRAFT  (JENS  EDVARD). 

See  NYERUP  (RAS.).  Litteraturlexicon  for  Danmark,  Norge,  og  Island; 
ved  R.  N.  og  J.  E.  KRAFT. 

LA  BARRE  (JEAN  DE). 

See  BOSSUET  (J.  B.).    Suite  de  1'hist.  univ.;  par  JEAN  DE  LA  BARRE. 

LA  BLETTERIE  (JEAN  PHILIPPE  RENE  DE). 

The  life  of  the  emperor  Julian.  Translated  from  the  French  [of 
J.  P.  R.  DE  LA  BLETTERIE.]  And  improved  with  coins,  notes 
and  a  genealogical  table.  *  *  * 

London,  1746.  12°  (5.1X2.6)  [  1114  ] 

LAIRESSE  (&ERARD  DE). 

Het  groot  schilderboek,  door  GERARD  DE  LAIRESSE,  D.  1, 2.  [  With 
plates.']  Amsterdam,  1707.  4°  (6.2X4.1)  marg.  notes.  [  644  ] 

LAMARTLNE  (ALPHONSE  DE  PRAT  DE). 

The  history  of  the  restoration  of  monarchy  in  France.  By  AL 
PHONSE  DE  LAM ARTINE.  ...  V.  1-3.  Second  edition. 

London,  1851,  '52.  8°  (5.8x3.3)  [  1748  ] 

Note.— The  edition  of  V.  2, 3  is  not  designated. 

LAMPRIDIUS  (jELius).  * 

See  HISTORLE  Augustas  scriptores.     JEuus  LAMPRIDIUS. 

LA  ROCHEFOUCAULD  (FRANgois  vi.  DE),  Duke. 

Memoires  de  la  minorite"  de  Louis  xiv,  corriges  &  augmented  de 
plusieurs  choses  fort  considerables,  qui  manquent  dans  les  autres 
editions.  Avec  uae  preface  nouvelle,  qui  sert  d'indice  &  de  som- 
maire.  Par  M.  le  due  [FRANCOIS  vi.]  D[E]  L[A]  R[OCHEFOU- 
CAULD.]  T.  1,  2.  Trtvoux,  1754.  12°  (3.9x2.1)  [  2711  ] 


81 

LA  TOUR  D'AUVERGNE  (HENRI  DE),  Viscount  de  Turenne. 

See  DU  BUISSON  ( ).   Life  of  HENBI  DE  LA  TOUR  D'AUVEEONE,  Viscount 

de  Tuxenne. 

LA  TROUSSIERE  ( ). 

M&noires  de  la  vie  de  Francois  Dusson,  .  .  .  Ou  Ton  voit  tout 
ce  qui  s'est  passe  de  plus  considerable,  pendant  les  derniers  troubles 
de  France,  au  sujet  de  la  religion.  [P.  1,  2.  By LA  TROUS 
SIERE.]  Amsterdam,  1677.  12°  (3.9X2.2)  [  2707  ] 

LEE  (Mrs.  R.),  formerly  Mrs.  T.  E.  Bowdich. 

Memoirs  of  Baron  Cuvier.  By  Mrs.  B.  tiEE  (formerly  Mrs.  T. 
Ed.  Bowdich).  [With  a  fac- simile  letter.'] 

London,  1833.  8°  (5.8x3.3)  [  1710  ] 

LETI   (GREGORIO).   "•' 

See  GUALDI,  (U abbe], pseud,  for  GREGORIO  LETI. 

LILLY   (WILLIAM). 

WILLIAM  LILLY'S  history  of  his  life  and  times,  from  the  year 
1602  to  1681.  Written  by  himself,  in  the  sixty-sixth  year  of  his 
age,  to  his  worthy  friend,  Elias  Ashmole,  esq.  Published  from 
the  original  ms.  London,  1715. 

London,  1829.  12°  (4.6x2.6)  [  1258  ] 

.Jtofe.— V.  2  of  «  Autobiography."  t 

LINNEAN  SOCIETY  OF  LONDON. 

The  transactions  of  the  LINNEAN  SOCIETY  OF  LONDON.   ...*** 
[With plates.'}  London.  4°  (7X^.2  &  7.5x5.5)  [  2825  ] 

Note.— This  publication  was  commenced  in  1791.  To  1851,  there  were  published  20  vol 
umes.  Pref  d  to  V.  7  are  the  charter,  bye-laws,  &c.  of  the  society,  pp.  xl.  App'd  to  V.  17 
are  lists  of  the  members  of  the  society,  for  1835  &  1837,  pp.  15,  each ;  to  V.  18,  lists  for  1838, 
1839,  &  1841,  pj)  15,  each.  V.  5-20  contain  lists  of  the  additions  to  the  library  ;& 
V.  10-20,  lists  of  objects  presented  to  the  museum. 

LINONIAN  SOCIETY.     See  YALE  COLLEGE. 

LONDON  LIBRARY. 

Catalogue  of  the  LONDON  LIBRARY,  12,  St.  James's  square,  by. 
John  George  Cochrane,  .  .  .  The  second  edition,  greatly  enlarged. 
[Alphabetical;  with  addenda.] 

London,  1847.  8Q  (6.9x4)  [  2742  ] 

LOUIS  XIV.,  of  France. 

See  LA  ROCHEFOUCAULD  (Fa.  vi.  DE).  Mdmoires  de  la  minority  de 
Louis  xiv. 

LUDEN  (HEINRICH). 

Geschichte  des  teutschen  Volkes.  Von  HEINRICH  LUDEN.  B. 
1-12.  ...  Gotha,  1825-'37.  8°  (6.1x3-5)  [1858] 

G   _• 


82 

LYNES  (JOHN). 

See  PARR  (SAM.).     Catalogue  of  Parr's  library ;  compiled  by  JOHN  LYNES. 

LYTTON  (Sir  EDWARD  GEORGE  EARLE  LYTTON  BULWER). 
Athens  its  rise  and  fall  with  views  of  the  literature,  philosophy, 
and  social  life  of  the  Athenian  people.     By  EDWARD  [G.  E.] 
LYTTON  BULWER  [LYTTON],  ...    V.  1,  2. 

London,  1837.  8°  (6.8X3.3)  [  1147  ] 

M  *  *  *  ( Countess  de),  Henriette  Julie  de  Murat. 

Memoires  de  Madame  la  comtesse  de  M  *  *  *,  [H.  J.  de  Murat,~\ 
avant  sa  retraite.  Servant  de  reponse  aux  M&noires  de  M.  le 
comte  de  *•  *  *,  rediges  par  Monsieur  de  Saint-Evremond.  Nou- 
velle  Edition.  [Amsterdam?]  1753.  12°  (4.2x2.2)  [2733] 

MACAULAY  (CATHARINE).  See  GRAHAM  (C.  S.  M.). 

MADDEN  (R.  R.). 

The  united  Irishmen,  their  lives  and  times.  By  R.  R.  MADDEN, 
...***  In  two  volumes.  .  .  . 

London,  1842.  12°  (5.9x3.2)  [  2440  ] 

The  united  Irishmen,  their  lives  and  times.  By  R.  R.  MADDEN, 
M.  D.  With  numerous  original  portraits.  *  *  *  Second  series. 
In  two  volumes.  ...  [  With  a  hist,  introd.,  pp.  c,  &  a  map."] 

London,  1843.  12°  (5.9X3.2)  [  2441  ] 

The  united  Irishmen ;  their  lives  and  times.  By  R.  R.  MADDEN, 
.  .  .  With  numerous  original  portraits.  *  *  *  Third  series.  In 
three  volumes.  .  .  .  Dublin,  1846.  12°  (5.7x3.2)  [  2442  ] 

MAHON  (Lord).     See  STANHOPE  (PHILIP  HENRY). 
MAIDALCHINI  (OLIMPIA).     See  PAMFILI  (0.  M.) 
MALDACHINI  (OLIMPIA).     See  MAIDALCHINI. 

MARCHAND  (Louis  JOSEPH  MARIE). 

See  NAPOLEON  I.  Pre'cis  des  guerres  de  C6sar,  e*crit  avec  une  preface 
par  L.  J.  M.  MARCHAND. 

MARLEBOROUGH  (HENRY). 

Ancient  Irish  histories. — The  chronicle  of  Ireland.  By  HENRY 
MARLEBVRROVGH;  continued  from  the  collection  of  Doctor  Mere 
dith  Hanmer,  in  the  yeare  1571. 

Dublin,  1809.  8°  (6.7x4)  pp.  32.  [  2428  ] 

'  Nate. — Cont'd  in  V.  2  of  "  Ancient  Irish  histories."  A  reprint  of  the  Dublin  edition  of  1633. 


4    83 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

A  report  on  the  trees  and  shrubs  growing  naturally  in  the  forests 
of  MASSACHUSETTS.  [By  George  B.  Emerson.]  Published  agree 
ably  to  an  order  of  the  legislature,  by  the  commissioners  on  the 
zoological  and  botanical  survey  of  the  state.  [  With  17  plates.'] 

Boston,  1846.  8°  (6.6x3.9)  [2771  ] 

M^MOIRES  sur  le  consulat.  1799  &  1804.  Par  un  ancien  conseil- 
ler  d'4tat.  Paris,  1827.  8°  (5.6x3.2)  [  1967  ] 

MEN  (The)  of  the  time  in  1852  or  sketches  of  living  notables  .  .  . 
London,  1852.  16°  (4.5x2.8)  [  1828  ] 

MEN  (The)  of  the  time   or  sketches  of  living  notables  .  .  . 

New  York,  1852.  12°  (5.6x3.3)  [  1948  ] 

METCALFE  (FREDERICK). 

See  BECKER  (W.  A.}.     Gallus;  transl.  by  FRED.  METCAXFE. 

METHODE  pour  apprendre  facilement  Thistoire  romaine,  avec  une 
chronologic  du  regne  des  empereurs,  &  un  abrege  des  coutumes  des 
Remains.  Nouvelle  edition,  corrigee  &  augmentee. 

Londres,  1754.  24°  (4.9x2.7)  [  1069  ] 

An  easy  METHOD  of  learning  the  Roman  history;  with  a  chronology 
of  the  Roman  emperors,  and  an  abridged  account  of  the  Roman 
usages  and  customs.  .  .  .  Translated  from  the  French,  with  addi 
tions,  by  George  "Watterston,  .  .  . 

Washington,  1820.  12°  (5.4x3.1)  [  1070  ] 

MICALI  (GIUSEPPE). 

L'ltalia  avanti  il  dominio  dei  Romani    [By  GIUSEPPE  MICALI  ] 
Firenze,  1810.  8°  (5.6x3.2)  [1596] 

Antichi  monumenti  per  servire  alPopera  intitolata  I/Italia  avanti 
il  dominio  dei  Romani    [By  GIUSEPPE  MICALI.] 
Firenze,niQ  fo  (13.2x9.1)j0p.a;t.  \  map  &  W  plates.  [1771] 

MIRABEAU  (Own*  de).     See  RIQUETI  (H.  G.). 

MOLBECH  (CHRISTIAN). 

Forelaesninger  over  den  nyere  danske  Poesie,  saerdeles  efter  Dig- 
terne  Evalds,  Baggesens  og  Oehleusqhlagers  Vaerker,  af  CHBISTIAN 
MOLBECH,  .  .  .  Deel  1-2. 

Kibbenhavn,  1832.  8°  (5.4x3.1)  [  292  ] 

Om  offentlige  Bibliotheker,  Bibliothekarer,  og  det,  man  har  kaldet 
Bibliotheksvidenskab  af  CHRISTIAN  MOLBECH,  .  .  .  (Andet,  med 
et  Tillaeg  og  Register  forogede  Aftryk.) 

Kiobenhavn,  1829.  8°  (6x3.5)  [  291  ] 


84  * 

Ueber  Bibliothekswissenschaft  oder  Einrichtung  und  Verwaltung 
offentlicher  Bibliotheken  von  CHRISTIAN  MOLBECH,  .  .  .  Nach 
der  zweiten  Ausgabe  des  danischen  Originals  iibersetzt  von  H. 
Ratjen,  ...  Von  dem  Verfasser  mit  Zusatzen,  mit  einem  Ver- 
zeichnisse  der  Pergament-drucke  der  grossen  K.  Kopenh.  Bib- 
liothek  und  einem  Beitrage  zur  Geschichte  dieser  Bibliothek  ver- 
mehrt;  von  dem  Uebersetzer  mit  Anmerk.  versehen.  Mit  einer 
Steindrucktafel.  Leipzig,  1833.  8°  (6.2X3.5)  [317] 

MONGEZ  (ANTOINE). 

See  DTJBOIS  (GuiLL.).     Viepriv^e;  par  ANT.  MOKGEZ. 


ew 


MONTHLY  review  (The).  .  .  .***    Y.  1-81.    V.  1-108.    [Nt 
series.]     V.  1-15.    New  and  improved  series.    V.  l-[33.]    New 
and  improved  series.     London,  [1809]->42.  8°  (6.6x4)  [  2789  ] 

Note.— From  January,  1831,  to  December,  1841,  inclusive,  there  was  published,  annu 
ally,  a  new  series  of  3  volumes,  each.  For  an  index  to  the  first  series,  see  Ayscough, 
Samuel. 

A  general  index  to  the  MONTHLY  review,  from  the  commencement 
of  the  new  series,  in  January,  1790,  to  the  end  of  the  eighty-first 
volume,  completed  in  December,  1816.  In  two  volumes.  .  .  . 

London,  1818.  8°  (6.8x3.6)  [2780] 

MORGUES  (MATTHIEU  DE),  Sieur  de  Saint  Germain. 

Diverges  pieces  povr  la  defence  de  la  royne  mere  dv  roy  tres-chres- 
tien  Lovys  xni.  faites  et  reveves  par  Messire  MATTHIEV  DE  MOE.- 
GVES  sieur  de  S.  Germain,  .  .  . 

[Antwerp?]  1643.  8°  (5.5x2.8)  marg.  notes.  [  2728  ] 

Pieces  cvrievses  povr  la  deffence  de  la  royne  mere  dv  roy  Lovys 
xm.  par  divers  avthevrs  en  suitte  de  celles  du  sieur  de  S.  Ger 
main  [MATTHIEU  DE  MORGUES].  .  .  .  T.  2.  [Pans,  1644?]  louxte 
la  copieimprimee  aAnuers.  8°  (5.4m\X2.9)  6  pagings.  [2729  ] 

MOST  excellent  and  perfecte  homish  apbthecarye  or  homely  physick 
booke  (A),  for  all  the  grefes  and  diseases  of  the  bodye.  Trans 
lated  out  the  Almaine  speche  into  English  by  Jhon  Holly  bush. 
*  *  *  Gotten,  1561.  fo.  (8.6x5.2)  marg.  notes,  fol  41.  [  2806  ] 

MURAT  (HENRIETTE  JULIE  DE  CASTELNAU  DE),  Countess. 
See  M  *  *  *  (Countess  de),  H.  J.  DE  MURAT. 

NAPOLEON  I.  BONAPARTE,  of  France. 

Precis  des  guerres  de  Cesar,  par  NAPOLEON,  e"crit  [with  preface] 
par  M.  Marchand,  a  File  Sainte-Helene,  sous  la  dicte'e  de  Fempe- 
reur;  suivi  de  plusieurs  fragmens  inedits. 

Paris,  1836.  8°  (5.6x3.3)  1  chart.  [  1288  ] 


85 

See  ESS  (W.  L.  VAN).    Life  of  NAPOLEON. 

See  NORVINS  (J.  M.  BE  M.  DE).     Histoire  de  NAPOLEON. 

NECKER  (JACQUES). 

De  la  revolution  frangoise,  par  M.  [JACQUES]  NECKER.    T.  1-4. 
[Paris?]  1796.  8°  (5.5x3.1)  [  2070  ] 

NORTH  AMERICAN  review  (The).   ...***    [Quarterly.] 

Boston.  12°  (6.5X3.5)  [  2778  ] 

Note.  —  This  publication  was  commenced  in  May,  1815.  To  April,  1853,  inclusive,  there 
were  published  76  volumes.  The  titles  of  V.  1-12  read  "The  North  American  review 
and  miscellaneous  journal."  V.  1-58  are  in  8vo.  V.  59-76  are  in  ll'mo. 

General  index  to  the  NORTH  AMERICAN  review,  from  its  commence 
ment  in  1815  to  the  end  of  the  twenty-fifth  volume,  published  in 
October,  1827.  Boston,  1829.  8°  (6.1x3.6)  [  2779  ] 

NORVINS  (JACQUES  MARQUET  DE  MONTBRETON  DE). 

Histoire  de  Napoleon,  par  M.  [J.  M.  DE  M.]  DE  NORVINS.  Ornee 
de  portraits,  vignettes,  cartes  et  plans.  T.  1-4. 

Paris,  1827,  '28.  8°  (5.5x3.2)  [  1707  ] 

Histoire  de  Napoleon  par  M.  [J.  M.  DE  M.]  DE  NORVINS  21e  edition 
illustree  par  Raffet  Paris,  1852.  8°  (10x7.2)  2  cols.  [  2099  ] 

NYERUP  (RASMUS). 

Almindeligt  Litteraturlexicon  for  Danmark,  Norge,  og  Island; 
eller  Fortegnelse  over  danske,  norske,  og  islandske,  saavel  afdbde 
som  nu  levende  Forfattere,  med  Anforelse  af  deres  vigtigste 
Levnets-Omstoendigheder  og  Liste  over  deres  Skrifter.  Vea  R, 
NYERUP  og  J.  E.  Kraft. 

Kjobenkavn,  1820.  (7.5x6)  2  cols.  [216] 

ORIENTAL  historical  manuscripts,  in  the  Tamil  language:  trans 
lated;  with  annotations.  By  William  Taylor,  missionary.  In  two 
volumes,  .  .  .  [With  appendixes  A-G.,  pp.  52.] 

Madras,  1835.  4°  (7.5x5.6)  [  1410  ] 

OROSIUS  (PAULUS). 

PAULI  OROSH  historiograph!  clarissimi  opus  prestantissimum,  »  *  * 
.  .  .  [Ending']  Pauli  Orosii  viri  praeclarissimi  historiarum  opua 
absolutum  est:  quod  diligentissime  emendatum  impressum  Par? 
hisiis  in  Bellouisu  pro  loanne  Petit  commora?ite  in  vico  diui  lacobi 
sub  leone  argenteo.  Anno  ab  incarnatione  Domini.  M.CCCCCVT. 
die.  xxi.  mensis  lanuarii. 

4°  (6X3.8)  marg.  notes,  fol  cxxiii.  [  1202  ] 


86 

PAMFILI  (OLIMPIA  MAIDALCHINI). 
See  GUALDI  (L'abbe).     La  vie  d'OLiMPB  PAMFILI. 

PAKE  (SAMUEL),  LL.  D. 

Bibliotheca  Parriana. — A  catalogue  of  the  library  of  ...  SAMUEL 
PARR,  .  .  .  [Compiled  Ly  John  Lynes;  with  a  portrait  of  Parr. 
Classed,  with  an  alphabetical  index ,  pp.  viii.~\ 

London,  1827.  8°  (6.4  wr.X3.7)  [2659] 

PARTHENIUS,  of  Niccea. 

See  GALE  (THOMAS).    Historise  poeticse  scriptores.    PARTHENIUS  Nicaensis. 

PATERCULUS  (CAius,  or  M.  or  P.  VELLEIUS). 

C.  VELLEIVS  PATERCVLVS  cvm  animadversionibvs  Ivsti  LipsI, 
qvas  pojtremvm  avxit  et  emendavit.  *  *  *    [  With  index. .] 
Antverpice,  1667.  fo.  (11.4x6.7)  marg.  notes,  pp.  84.  [1427] 

PLINIUS  SECUNDUS  (CAius). 

[Beginning,  folio  4,  verso,~\  CAH  PLYNII  SECVNDI  natvralis  his- 
toriae  liber  .1.  [Ending, ~\  Caii  Plynii  Secvndi  natvralis  bistoriae 
libri  tricesimiseptimi  et  vltimi  finis  impressi  Tervisii  dvctv  et  irn- 
pensis  Michaelis  Manzoli  Parmensis.  M.CCCC.LXXIX. 

fo.  (8.3X5.2)  358  leaves.  [2851  ] 

POLLIO  (TREBELLIUS). 

See  HISTORIES  Augustge  scriptores.    TREBELL.  POLLIO. 

POTTER  (JOHN). 

Arcbaeologia  Grraeca :  or,  the  antiquities  of  Greece.  The  seventh 
edition.  By  JOHN  POTTER,  ...  V.  1,  2.  ...*** 

London,  1751.  8°  (6.4x3.5  trr.)  [  1162  ] 

PTOLEMJEUS  CHENNUS,  of  Alexandria. 

See  GALE  (THOMAS).    Historic  poeticae  scriptores.    PTOLEMJIUS. 

QUEYPO  DE  LLANO  (Jose  MARIA),  Count  of  Toreno. 

Historia  del  levantamiento,  guerra  y  revolucion  de  Espana,  por  [J. 
M.  QUEYPO  DE  LLANO]  el  conde  de  Toreno.  Nueva  edicion  au- 
mentada  con  su  vida  [by  L.  A.  de  Cueto,  pp.  l,~\  y  retrato.  T.  1-3. 

Pans,  1851.  8°  (6.8x3.7)  [2003] 

RAFFLES  (Sir  THOMAS  STAMFORD). 

The  history  of  Java.  By  THOMAS  STAMFORD  RAFFLES,  ...  In 
two  volumes.  With  a  map  and  plates.  .  .  .  [With  app.  A-M, 
pp.  cdx.-}  Lmidon,  1817.  4°  (7.6x5.3)  marg.  notes.  [  1584  ] 


87 

RIQUETI  (HONORE  GABRIEL),  Count  de  Miraleau. 

-Histoire  secrete  de  la  cour  de  Berlin,  ou  correspondance  d'un  voya- 
geur  frangois,  depuis  le  mois  de  juillet  1786  jusqu'au  19  Janvier 
1787.  Ouvrage  postbume.  Avec  une  lettre  remise  au  roi  de 
Prusse  regnant,  le  jour  de  son  av£nement  au  trdne:  par  le  comte 
de  Mirabeau  [H.  G.  RIQUETI].  T.  1,  2. 

Londres,  1789.  8°  (5.5x2.9)  [  2039  ] 

The  secret  history  of  the  court  of  Berlin;  ...  In  a  series  of 
letters,  translated  from  the  French.  A  posthumous  work.  To 
which  is  added  a  memorial,  presented  to  the  present  king  of  Prus 
sia,  on  the  day  of  his  accession  to  the  throne,  by  Count  Mirabeau 
[H.  G.  RIQUETI.]  V.  1,  2. 

London,  1789.  8°  (5.7x3.1)  [  2040  ] 

SCHELTEMA  (JACOBUS). 

Staatkundig  Nederland;   een  woordenboek  tot  de  biographische 

kaart  van  dien  naam,  door  Mr.  JACOBUS  SCHELTEMA.    D.  1,  2. 

.»  .  .        Amsterdam,  1805,  '6.  8°  (5.6x3)  maro.  notes.  [  645  ] 

SIEVRAC  (JEAN  HENRI). 

See  COBBETT  (Wai.).    Roman  hist,  in  French  and  English ;  the  Fr.  by  J.  H. 

SlEVEAC. 

SIMMS  (WILLIAM  GILMORE). 

The  life  of  the  Chevalier  Bayard;  "The  good  knight/'  "Sans  peur 
et  sans  reproche."  By  W.  GILMORE  SIMMS.  *  *  * 

New  York,  1847.  12°  (5.7x3.2)  [  1723  ] 

SPARTIANUS  (JEuus). 

See  HISTORIC  Augustse  scriptores.    ^LIUS  SPARTL/LNUS. 

SPENCE  (FERRAND). 

See  DU  BUISSON  ( ).    Life  of  Turenne;  transl.  by  FERRAND  SPENCE. 

SPENSER  (EDMUND). 

Ancient  Irish  histories. — A  view  of  the  state  of  Ireland,  written 
dialogue-wise,  betweene  Eudoxus  and  IrenaBus.  By  EDMUND 
SPENCER,  esq.  in  the  yeare  1596.  [Ed.  by  James  Ware.'] 

Dublin,  1809.  8°  (6.5x4)  [2425] 

JVofe,—Cont'd  in  V.I  of  "  Ancientflrish  histories."  A  reprint  of  the  Dublin  edition  of  1633. 

STANHOPE  (PHILIP  HENRY),  Lord  Mahon. 

History  of  the  war  of  the  succession  in  Spain.  By  [P.  H.  STAN 
HOPE,]  Lord  Mahon.  Second  edition.  [  With  a  map  &  an  app., 
pp.  cxxxv.]  London,  1836.  8°  (6.3x3.5)  [  1630  ] 


88 

The  life  of  Belisarius.  By  [P.  H.  STANHOPE,]  Lord  Mahon. 
[With  a  map.']  London,  1829.  8°  (6.1x3.5)  [  1304  ] 

TACITUS  (CAius  CORNELIUS). 

CORNELII  TACITI  opera.  Ad  codices  antiqvos  exacta  et  emendata 
commentario  critico  et  exegetico  illvstrata  edidit  Franciscvs  Rit- 
ter  .  .  .  Y.  1-4.  [  With  a  biogr.  and  crit.  preface.'] 

Cantabrigiae,  1848.  8°  (6.6x3.7)  [  2273  ] 

CORNELII  TACITI  annales.  Ad  codices  antiqvos  exacti  et  emendati 
commentario  critico  et  exegetico  illvstrati  opera  Francisci  Ritteri. 
V.  1,  2.  Cantalrigiae,  1848.  8°  (6.6x3.7)  [  2274  ] 

Note.— V.  1,  2  of  "Cornelii  Taciti  opera." 

CORNELII  TACITI  historiae.  Ad  codices  antiqvos  exactae  et  emen- 
datae  commentario  critico  et  exegetico  illvstratae  opera  Francisci 
Bitteri.  Cantabrigiae,  1848.  8°  (6.6x3.7)  [  2275  ] 

JHote.— V.  3  of  "Cornelii  Taciti  opera." 

CORNELII  TACITI  libri  minores  Germania  Agricola  Dialogvs.  Ad 
codices  antiqvos  exacti  et  emendati  commentario  critico  et  exe 
getico  illvstrati  opera  Francisci  Ritteri.  Accesservnt  indices. 

Cantabrigiae,  1848.  8°  (6.6x3.7)  [  2276  ] 

Note.— V.  4  of  "Cornelii  Taciti  opera." 

TAYLOR  (WILLIAM). 

See  ORIENTAL  hist.  mss.  in  the  Tamil  language ;  transl.  with  annotations 
by  WM.  TAYLOR. 

THIBAUDEAU  (ANTOINE  CLAIRE). 

Histoire  des  etats  ge"ne>aux  et  des  institutions  representatives  en 
France  depuis  1'origine  de  la  monarchic  jusqu'a,  1789  par  A.  C. 
THIBAUDEAU  [^]l-3.  Bruxelles,  1844.  8°  (6.6x4)  [  2005  ] 

THORTSEN  (CARL  ADOLPH). 

Historisk  Udsigt  over  den  danske  Litteratur  indtil  Aar  1814.  Af 
Dr.  CARL  ADOLPH  THORTSEN,  .  .  . 

Kjobenhavn,  1839.  8°  (6.2X3.4)  [290] 

TORENO  (Count  of).     See  QUEYPO  DE  LLANO  (J.  M.). 

TOWNSEND  (WILLIAM  C.). 

The  lives  of  twelve  eminent  judges  of  the  last  and  of  the  present 
century.  By  WILLIAM  C.  TOWNSEND,  ...  In  two  volumes. 
*  Y.:?"  London,  1846.  8°  (6.6x3.7)  [2332  ] 

TURENNE  (Viscount  de).     See  LA  TOUR  D'AUVERGNE  (HENRI 
DE). 


UNGEWITTER  (FRANCIS  EL). 

Europe,  past  and  present :  a  comprehensive  manual  of  European 
geography  and  history;  with  separate  descriptions  and  statistics  of 
each  state,  and  a  copious  index,  .  .  .  By  FRANCIS  H.  UNGE 
WITTER,  LL.D.  New  York,  1850.  12°  (5.6x3.5)  [  1490  ] 

UNIVERSITY  OF  OXFORD. 
Catalogus  librorum  impressorum  bibliothecse  Bodleianse  in  ACA- 

DEMIA  OXONIENSI.      V.  1-3. 

Oxonii,  1843.  fo.  (11.9x7.1)  2  cols.  [  140  ] 

Nate.— Tliis  catalogue,  prepared  by  Dr.  Bulkley  Bandinel,  contains  the  titles  of  books  in 
the  library  up  to  1835,  except  those  of  which  special  catalogues  had  been  published,  viz. : 
Books  bequeathed  by  R.  Gough,  Books  and  MSS.  bequeathed  by  F.  Douce,  "Dissertationes 
Academicae"  [See  titles  of  these  catalogues  below],  and  those  described  in  the  following 
catalogue,  "Bibliotheca  celeberrima  Hebraea  quam  collegit  Dav.  Oppenheimerus,  8°  Ham 
burg!  1820." 

Catalogus  impressorum  librorum  quibus  aucta  est  bibliotheca  Bod- 
leiana,  annis  MDCCCXXXV-MDCCCXLVII. 

Oxonii,  1851.  fo.  (11.8X7.1)  2  cols.  [  141  ] 

Note.— The  half-title  reads:  "Catalog!  impressorum  librorum  bibliothecae  Bodleianse  vol- 
umen  quartum."  It  is  also  designated  in  the  signatures  as  Vol.  4. 

A  catalogue  of  the  books,  relating  to  British  topography,  and  Saxon 
and  northern  literature,  bequeathed  to  the  Bodleian  library,  in  the 
year  MDCCXCIX.  by  Richard  Gough,  esq.  F.  S.  A. 

Oxford,  1814.  4°  (7.2x5.3)  [  142  ] 

Catalogue  of  early  English  poetry  and  other  miscellaneous  works 
illustrating  the  British  drama,  collected  by  Edmond  Malone,  esq. 
and  now  preserved  in  the  Bodleian  library.  [Prefixed  is  a  bio 
graphical  memoir  of  Edmond  Malone.'] 

Oxford,  1836.  fo.  (11.9x7.1)  2  cols.  [  145  ] 

Catalogue  of  the  printed  books  and  manuscripts  bequeathed  by 
Francis  Douce,  esq.  to  the  Bodleian  library. 

Oxford,  1840.  fo.  (11.9x7.1)  2  cols.  [  144  ] 

Note.— The  Catalogue  of  manuscripts  is  separately  paged,— 90  pages,  with  4  lithographic 
plates. 

VAN  ESS  (WiLLEM  LODEWYK).     See  ESS. 

VOLNEY  (CoNSTANTiN  FRANCOIS  CHASSEBCEUF  DE). 

Recherchesnouvellessurrhistoireancienne.  P.  1-3,  .  .  .   Edition 

revue  et  complete.    [By  C.  F.  C.  DE  VOLNEY.    With,  maps  &  tables.'] 

Paris,  1814,  '15.  8°  (5.6x3.4)  [  1154  ] 

VOLTAIRE  (FRANCOIS  MARIE  AROUET  DE). 
Memoirs  of  the  life  of  [F.  M.  A.  DE]  VOLTAIRE.     "Written  by 
himself.     With  introduction  and  sequel,  condensed  from  the  life 
by  Condorcet.  London,  1826.  12°  (4.6x2.6)  [  1259  ] 

Note.— V.  2  of  "Autobiography," 

D  .- 


90 

The  philosophy  of  history,  or  a  philosophical  and  historical  disser 
tation,  on  the  origin,  manners,  customs,  and  religion  of  the  differ 
ent  nations,  and  people,  of  antiquity;  with  a  clear  and  concise 
exposition,  of  the  usages,  and  opinions  common  amongst  them; 
and,  in  particular,  of  their  religious  rites,  ceremonies,  and  super 
stitions  :  .  .  .  Translated  from  the  original  French  manuscripts 
of  Monsr-  1'abbe  Bazin  [pseud,  for  F.  M.  A.  DE  VOLTAIRE}.  By 
."Henry  Wood  Gandell,  .  .  .  *  *  * 

Zojwfow,  1829.  8°  (6.2X3.5)  [1693] 

VOPISCUS  (FLAVIUS). 

See  HISTORIC  Augustse  scriptores.     FL.  VOPISCUS. 

WILSON  (ROBERT  THOMAS). 

History  of  the  British  expedition  to  Egypt;  to  which  is  subjoined, 
a  sketch  of  the  present  state  of  that  country  and  its  means  of  de 
fence.  Illustrated  with  maps,  and  a  portrait  of  Sir  Ralph  Aber- 
cromby.  By  ROBERT  THOMAS  WILSON,  ...  V.  1,  2.  *  *  *  The 
fourth  edition.  London,  1803.  8°  (5.7x3.3)  [  2053  ] 

WOLLSTONECRAFT  (MARY),  afterwards  Mrs.  Godwin. 

An  historical  and  moral  view  of  the  origin  and  progress  of  the 
French  revolution ;  and  the  effect  it  has  produced  in  Europe.  By 
MARY  WOLLSTONECRAFT.  V.  1. 

London,  1794.  8°  (6x3.3)  [1687] 

YALE  COLLEGE,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Catalogue  of  books  in  the  library  of  YALE  COLLEGE.     [  Classed.] 

New  Haven,  1823.  8°  (6.6X3.6)  [  502  ] 

Catalogue  of  the  library  of  the  Linonian  society,  YALE  COLLEGE, 
November,  1846.  [Alphabetical,  with  a  classed  index.] 

New  Haven,  1846.  8°  (6.5x4)  [  457  ] 

Catalogue  of  the  library  of  the  society  of  Brothers  in  unity,  YALE 
COLLEGE,  April  1846.  [Alphabetical,  with  a  classed  index] 

New  Haven,  1846.  8°  (6.7x3.8)  [458] 


INDEX  OF  SUBJECTS. 


Antiquities. 

Dissertation  on, 
Grecian  A.    See  GREECE. 

Athens. 

llise  and  fall  of, 

Autobiography. 

Collection  of  lives. 
A.  of  W.  Jordan. 


VoUaire. 


Lytton. 


Autobiography. 
Jerdan. 


Bibliography. 

Bibliomania,  or  book-madness.  Dibdin. 

Catal.  de  livr.  difficiles  a  trouver.  Clement. 

Bansk-norsk  hist.  Bibliothek.  Baden. 
Litteraturlexicon  for  Danmark,  Norge 

og  Island.  Nyerup. 

Bibliotheca  Grenvilliana.  Grenville. 

Om  Bibliotheksvidenskab.  Molbech. 

Ueber  Bibliothekswissenschaft.  Molbech. 

Works  in  refutation  of  Methodism.  Decanver. 
See  CATALOGUES. 


Bibliomania. 

Bibliomania,  or  book -madness. 


Dibdin. 


Biography. 

B.  of  classic  authors.  Harwood 

Celebrated  characters  of  the  French  revol  .   Ess 

De  vitis,  etc.  philosophorum.  Diogenes  Laertius 

Lives  of  the  Scotish  poets.  Irving  (D.) 

the  United  Irishmen.  Madden 

twelve  eminent  judges.        Townsend. 

Sketches  of  living  notables,  in  1852.          Men. 

Staatkundig  Nederland.  Schdtema. 

De  rebus  gestis  Alexandri.          Curtius  Rufus. 

Hist,  de  Christine,  de  Suede.  Catteau-Calleville. 

Napoleon.  Norvins. 

La  defence  de  Marie  de  M6dicis.  Morgues. 

La  minorite  de  Louis  XIV.     La  Rochefoucauld. 

Life  of  Belisarius.  Stanhope. 

Chev.  Bayard.  Simms. 

Dumouriez.  Dumouriez. 

Guicciardini.  Guicciardini. 

Julian.  La  Bletterie. 

Napoleon.  Ess. 

Turenne.  Du  Buisson. 

Lives  of  Haydn  and  Mozart,  with  observ. 

on  Metastasio.  Bombet. 

M6m.  de  F.  Dusson.  La  Troussiere. 

la  comtesse  de  Murat.  M  *  *  *. 

M.  de  Bordeaux.  C.  (M.  G.  D.\ 

Mem.  of  Cuvier.  iel 

J.  d'Arc.  Arc. 

Political  B.  of  L'd  G.  Bentinck,      Disraeli  (B.). 
Reminiscences  of  M.  Kelly.  Kitty. 

Vida  de  J.  de  Castro.  Freire  de  Andrada. 

Vie  d'O.  Maldachini.  Gualdi. 


Vie  privSe  du  cardinal  Dubois. 


Dubois. 


Botany. 

Transactions  of  the  Linnean  soc.    Linnean  soc. 
Trees  and  shrubs  of  Mass.  Massachusetts. 

Catalogues. 

C.  de  livres  difficiles  a  trouver.  Clement. 

C.  of  Bodleian  libr'y.  Univ.  of  Oxford. 

C.  of  libr'y  of  Brothers  in  unity.      Yale  college. 
C.  of  libr'y  of  Linonian  soc.  Tale  college. 

C.  of  libr'y  of  S.  Parr.  Parr. 

C.  of  libr'y  of  T.  Grenville.  Grenville. 

C.  of  libr'y  of  Yale  college.  YaU  college. 

C.  of  London  libr'y.  London  library. 


Corfu. 

History  of, 


Jervis. 


Denmark. 

Dansk-norsk  hist.  Bibliothek.  Baden. 

Fprelsesninger  over  den  danske  Poesie.  Molbech. 
Litteraturlexicon  for,  Nyerup. 

Udsigt  over  den  danske  Litteratur.     Thorsten. 

Drama. 

Catal.  of  books  on  the  British,  Univ.  of  Oxford. 
Diss.  on  the  early  Scotish,  Irving  (D.). 

Egypt. 

Br.  expedition  to,  and  present  state  of,  Wilson. 


England. 

Br.  expedition  to  Egypt. 
History  of, 


Wilson. 
Graham. 
Hume. 

Hist,  of  E.  and  Scotland  to  the  union.  Ayscu. 
Lives  of  twelve  eminent  judges.  «  Townsend. 
Sketches  of  the  literature  of,  Balfour. 

"  "  Disraeli  (/.). 

State  papers:  Henry  vm.  Great  Britain. 

See  GREAT  BRITAIN. 

Europe. 

Manual  of  the  geogr.  and  hist,  of,    Ungewitter. 

Prance. 

Celebrated  characters  of  the  revol.  Ess. 

De  la  revolution  franchise.  Necker. 

Hist,  des  instit.  representitives.  Thibaudeau. 

Hist,  of  the  restoration.  Lamartine. 

Memoires  sur  le  consulat.  Memoires. 

Mem.  and  tunes  of  J.  d'Arc.  Arc. 

State  of  music  in,  Bombet. 

View  of  the  revol.  WoUstonecraft. 


Geography. 

Manual  of  European, 


Ungewitter. 


92 


Germany. 

Literature. 

Germania.                                                 Tacitus. 

Catal.  of  books  on  Saxon  and  northern, 

Gcschichte  des  deutschen  Yolkes.            Luden. 

Univ.  of  Oxford. 

Granada. 

Conquest  of,                                     Irving  (WJ. 

Curiosities  of,                                    Disraeli  (/.). 
Literary  hist,  of  Scotland.                 Irving  LD.). 
Sketches  of  English,                               Balfour. 
"                  "                              Disraeli  (L). 

Yiew  of  Athenian,                                     Lytton. 

Great  Britain. 

Udsigt  over  den  danske,                       Thorsten. 

Catal.  of  books  on  Br.  drama.    Univ.  of  Oxford. 

Catal.  of  books  on  Br.  topogr.  Univ.  of  Oxford, 

Methodism. 

Catal.  of  Br.  birds.                                      Eyton. 
Hist,  of  Br.  birds.                                        Eyton. 

Works  in  refutation  of,                        Decanver. 

See  ENGLAND,  IRELAND  and  SCOTLAND. 

it^r..*.  •  — 

Music. 

Greece. 

State  of  M.  in  France  and  Italy.            Bombet. 

Antiquities  of,                                             Potter. 
Hist,  of  Corfu  and  the  Ionian  repub.       Jervis. 
Recueil  de  cartes,  etc.            Barbie  du  Bocage. 
Yoyage  d'Anacharsis.                      Barthelemy. 

Mythology. 

Ad  Apollodori  bibliothecam  notae.           Heyne. 
Apollodori  bibliotheca.                     Apollodorus. 
Histories  poetic*  scriptores.                        Gale. 

Hebrews. 

See  JEWS. 

Natural  History. 

Plinii  historia  naturalis.        Plinius  Secundus. 

History. 

See  BOTANY,  ORNITHOLOGY  and  ZOOLOGY. 

Histoire  universelle.                                Bossuet. 

Manual  of  European,                         Ungewitter. 

Netherlands. 

Orosii  historiograph!  opus.                      Orosius. 

Staatkundig  N.;  biogr.  kaart.             Seheltema. 

Philosophy  of,                                          VoUaire. 

Recherches  sur  1'hist.  ancienne.              Volney. 

Northern  Literature. 

Holland. 

Catal.  of  books  on,                     Univ.  of  Oxford. 

See  NETHERLANDS. 

Norway. 

Dansk-norsk  hist.  Bibliothek.                  Baden. 

Iceland. 

Litteraturlexicon  for,                            Nyerup. 

Litteraturlexicon  for,                            Nyerup. 

Ornithology. 

India. 

Catal,  of  British  birds.                              Eyton. 

Oriental  hist.  mss.                                 Oriental. 

Hist,  of  British  birds.                                Eyton. 

Ionian  Islands. 

Painting. 

Hist,  of  the  republic  of,                           Jervis. 

Het  groot  schilderboek.                         Lairesse. 

Ireland/ 

Pharmacy. 

Ancient  histories  of,                                Ancient. 

Homish  apothecarye  booke.                        Most. 

United  Irishmen  ;  their  lives  and  times.  Madden. 

See,  GREAT  BRITAIN. 

Philosophers. 

Italy 

De  vitis,  etc.  philosophorum.  Diogenes  Laertius. 

History  of,  '                                     Gifictiardini. 
I.  avant  il  dominio  dei  Romani.              Micali. 

Philosophy. 

State  of  music  in,                                    Bombet. 

Yiew  of  Athenian,                                   Lytton. 

Java. 

Poetry. 

History  of,                                               Raffles. 

Forelaesninger  over  den  danske,            Molbech. 

Catal.  of  early  English,             Univ.  of  Oxford. 

Jews. 

History  of,                         Basnage  de  Beauwl. 

Portugal. 

Historia  de,                                       Herculano. 

Libraries. 

Catalogues  of  L.    See,  CATALOGUES. 

Prussia. 

Om  Bibliotheksvidenskap.                     Molbech. 

Hist,  secrete  de  la  cour  de  Berlin.         Riqtusti. 

Ueber  Bibliothekswissenschaft.            Molbech. 

Secret  hist,  of  the  court  of  Berlin.       JWgwefc'. 

93 


Reviews,  Literary. 

Spain. 

American  quarterly,                            American. 
Edinburgh,                                                 i/mrgh. 

Hist,  de  la  revoluclon  de,         Queypo  de  Llano. 
Hist,  of  the  war  of  succession  in,        Stanhope. 

Monthly,                                                  Monthly. 

North  American,                     North  American. 

Sweden. 

Rome. 

PrScis  historique  de, 

CatteaU'Cattevtfle. 

Civil  and  constitutional  hist,  of,             Sankes. 

Elements  of  the  hist,  of,                           Cubbett. 

Theatre. 

Gallus  :  or,  Rom.  scenes.                          Becker. 
[fi.storia?.                                                Paterculns. 

Acc't  of  King's  theatre,  London.              Kelly. 

Historias  Augustee  scriptorcs.               Historice. 

Methode  pour  apprendre  1'hist.  rom.    Methode. 
Method  of  learning  Rom.  hist.              Mtthode. 
Taciti  opera.                                            Tacitus. 

Topography. 

Catal.  of  books  on  British, 

Univ.  of  Oxford. 

Saxon  Literature. 

War,  Art  of. 

Catal.  of  books  on,                    Univ.  of  Oxford. 

Astutie  militari. 

Frontinus. 

Precis  des  guerres  de  CSsar. 

NapoUon. 

Scotland. 

Stratcgematica. 

Frontimis. 

Literary  hist,  and  drama  of,            Irving  (D.~). 
Hist,  of  England  and  S.  to  the  union.       Ayscu. 

Zoology. 

See  GREAT  BRITAIN. 

Zoological  journal. 

Aft 

94 


EXPLANATIONS  OF  INITIALS 

USED  IN  THE  LOCAL  INDEX. 


A.  L.,  for  ASTOR  LIBRARY. 

B.  A.,  for  BOSTON  ATHENEUM. 

B.  U.,  for  BROWN  UNIVERSITY. 

C.  H.  S.,  for  CAMBRIDGE  HIGH  SCHOOL. 
H.  C.,  for  HARVARD  COLLEGE. 

L.  C.,  for  LIBRARY  or  CONGRESS. 

L.  C.  P.,  for  LIBRARY  COMPANY  or  PHILADELPHIA. 

L.  S.,  for  LANE  SEMINARY. 

N.  Y.  S.  L.,  for  NEW  YORK  STATE  LIBRARY. 

S.  C.  C.?  for  SOUTH  CAROLINA  COLLEGE. 

S.  I.,  for  SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION. 

U.  A.,  for  UNIVERSITY  OF  ALABAMA. 

Y.  C.,  for  YALE  COLLEGE. 


LOCAL  INDEX. 


140  A.  L.,  B.  U.,  S.  I. 

141  A.  L.,  B.  U.,  S.  I. 

142  A.  L.,  B.  U.,  S.  I. 

144  A.  L.,  B.  U.,  S.  I. 

145  A.  L.,  B.  U.,  S.  I. 
216  B.  A.,  H.  C.,  S.  L,  Y.  C. 

290  L.  C.  P.,  S.  L,  Y.  C. 

291  L.  S.,  S.  L,  Y.  C. 

292  H.  C.,  S.  C.  C.,  S.  I. 
310  S.  I.,  U.  A.,  Y.  C. 
317  A.  L.,  S.  I. 
391  B.  U.,  S.  I. 

457  A.  L.,  S.  I. 

458  L.  S.,  S.  L 
502  S.  L,  Y.  C. 

644  A.  L.,  S.  I. 

645  B.U.,  S..I. 
1002  H.  C.,  L.  C.,  U.  A. 
1004  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 
1006  B.  A.,  L.  C. 

1019  C.  H.  S.,  L.  C.,  S.  C.  C. 

1020  L.  C.,  S.  C.  C. 
1029  L.  C.,  U.  A. 

1053  L.  C.,  P.  L.  C. 

1054  A.  L.,  L.  C. 

1069  B.  A.,  L.  C.,  N.  Y.  S.  L. 

1070  L.  C.,  L.  S. 
1114  H.  C.,  L.  C.,  L.  C.  P. 
1147  B.  U.,  L.  C.,  U.  A.,  Y.  C. 
1154  L.  C.,  S.  I. 
1162  B.  U.,  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 

1201  L.  C.,  N.  Y.  S.  L.,  U.  A. 

1202  A.  L.,  C.  H.  S.,  L.  C. 

1215  L.  C.,  L.  S. 

1216  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 

1255  H.  C.,  L.  C.,  S.  I. 

1256  C.  H.  S.,  L.  C.,  U.  A. 

1257  A.  L.,  L.  C.;  L.  C.  P. 

1258  L.  C. 


1259  L.  C.,  N.  Y.  S.  L. 

1278  B.  A.,  L.  C. 

1288  B.  U.,  L.  C. 

1304  H.  C.,  L.  C.,  U.  A. 

1377  B.  A.,  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 

1378  H.  C.,  L.  C.,  S.  C.  C. 

1379  L.  C.,  S.  L 
1384  L.  S.,  L.  C.,  S.  C.  C. 
1410  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 
1414  A.  L.,  L.  C.,  S.  C.  C. 
1427  H.  C.,  L.  C.,  U.  A. 
1429  L.  C.,  L.  S. 

1435  B.  U.,  C.  H.  S.,  L.  C. 

1436  H.  C.,  L.  C. 

1489  A.  L.,  C.  H.  S.,  L.  C. 

1490  L.  C.,  L.  C.  P. 
1529  L.  C.,  N.  Y.  S.  L. 
1584  A.  L.,  B.  U.,  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 
1596  C.  H.  S.,  L.  C. 
1600  L.  C.,  S.  C.  C. 
1621  L.  C.,  U.  A. 
1630  B.  U.,  L.  C. 
1687  L.  C.,  L.  C.  P. 
1693  L.  C.,  N.  Y.  S.  L. 
1702  H.  C.,  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 
1707  C.  H.  S.,  L.  C. 
1710  A.  L.,  L.  C.,  L.  S. 

1719  B.  A.,  H.  C.,  L.  C. 

1720  L.  C.,  S.  L 

1721  L.  C.,  U.  A. 
1723  B.  U.,  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 
1748  C.  H.  S.,  H.  C.,  L.  C. 
1771  L.  C.,  S.  C.  C. 
1775  L.  C.,  N.  Y.  S.  L. 

1815  A.  L.,  L.  C.,  S.  L 

1816  C.  H.  S.,  L.  C.,  S.  L 
1828  A.  L.,  H.  C.,  L.  C. 
1854  B.  U.,  L.  C.,  S.  I. 
1858  L.  C.,  L.  S. 


96 


1864  H.  C.,  L.  C.,  N.  Y.  S.  S. 

1876  L.  C.,  S.  C.  C.,  U.  A. 

1948  L.  C.,  L.  C.  P. 

1967  L.  C.,  L.  S. 

2003  B.  A.,  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 

2005  C.  H.  S.,  L.  C. 

2039  H.  C.,  L.  C. 

2040  L.  C.,  N.  Y.  S.  L. 
2053  L.  C.,  S.  C.  C.,  U.  A. 
2070  A.  L.,  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 
2099  B.  U.,  L.  C.,  U.  A. 

2118  C.  H.  S.,  L.  C. 

2119  L.  C.,  L.  S.,  Y.  C. 
2156  L.  C.,  S.  C.  C.,  Y.  C. 
2219  L.  C.,  S.  L,  U.  A. 

2273  H.  C.,  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 

2274  H.  O.,  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 

2275  H.  C.,  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 

2276  H.  C.,  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 
2296  B.  A.,  L.  C. 
2332  L.  C.,  U.  A. 

2424  A.  L.,  L.  C.,  L.  C.  P. 

2425  L.  C.,  L.  C.  P.,  U.  A. 

2426  H.  C.,  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 

2427  B.  A.,  L.  C. 

2428  L.  C.,  N.  Y.  S.  L.,  S.  L 

2440  B.  U.,  L.  C. 

2441  C.  H.  S.,  L.  C.,  U.  A. 

2442  B.  U.,  L.  C.,  S.  C.  C. 
2455  B.  U.,  L.  C.,  L.  C.  P. 
2479  Y.  C.,  L.  C.,  L.  S. 
2556  L.  C.,  U.  A. 
2622  A.  L.,  L.  C. 

2629  A.  L.,  L.  C. 

2630  L.  C. 


2631  L.  C.,  S.  I. 

2638  H.  C.,  L.  C. 

2646  B.  U.,  L.  C.,  S.  I. 
2659   C.  H.  S.,  L.  C.,  S.  C.  C. 

2700  C.  H.  S.,  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 

2707  A.  L.,  L.  C.,  S.  I. 

2711  B.  A.,  C.  H.  S.,  L.  C. 

2728  H.  C.,  L.  C. 

2729  B.  U.,  H.  C.,  L.  C. 
2731  A.  L.,  L.  C.,  U.  A. 

2733  L.  C.,  L.  C.  P. 

2734  B.  A.,  B.  U.,  L.  C.,  S.  C.  C. 

2736  C.  H.  S.,  L.  C. 

2737  L.  C.,  N.  Y.  S.  L. 

2738  L.  C.,  L.  S. 
2742  L.  C.,  S.  L 
2757  A.  L.,  L.  C.,  Y.  C. 
2771  H.  C.,  L.  C.,  S.  C.  C. 

2778  L.  C.,  U.  A. 

2779  B.  U.,  L.  C.,  N.  Y.  S.  L. 

2780  B.  A.,  L.  C.,  U.  A. 

2781  B.  A.,  L.  C.,  S.  L 

2782  A.  L.,  L.  C.,  S.  L 

2783  L.  C.,  S.  L,  Y.  C. 

2784  B.  U.,  L.  C.,  S.  I. 

2789  L.  C.,  L.  S. 

2790  A.  L.,  C.  H.  S.,  L.  C. 

2791  L.  C.,  N.  Y.  S.  L. 
2806  A.  L.,  L.  C.,  S.  C.  C. 
2825  B.  A.,  L.  C. 
2851  B.  U.,  L.  C.,  L.  S. 

2893  L.  C.,  N.  Y.  S.  L. 

2894  L.  C.,  N.  Y.  S.  L. 
2940  L.  C.,  S.  L,  Y.  C. 


NO.  DD  18,  45m,  6'76          UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  BERKELEY 

BERKELEY,  CA  94720 


ran 


